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Exposing the Iranian Regime’s Influence Machinery Against Israeli Society

ResearchOSINTIranIsrael Election 2026FIMICoordinated Inauthentic Behaviour
October 12, 2026
175 MIN READ
Exposing the Iranian Regime’s Influence Machinery Against Israeli Society
An Iranian regime-operated apparatus of Hebrew-language personas is posing as Israelis on X ahead of the 27 October 2026 Knesset election. Golden Owl's investigation of 560,439 data points documents a coordinated network of at least 694 accounts, 445 of them attributed with high or medium-high confidence, whose posts drew at least 4.7 million views in two months.

Executive Summary

Sixteen days before Israel's 27 October 2026 Knesset election, an Iranian regime-operated apparatus of Hebrew-language personas is at work on X, speaking to Israelis as Israelis. It is the operation Golden Owl exposed in September in The Other Face of War: Iranian Regime–Linked Manipulation of Israel’s 2026 Election Debate, now mapped to its full extent: the core personas are still publishing, the accounts built around them have been identified down to their creation batches, and the reserve of identities held for the next escalation is visible in X's own records.

This investigation processed 560,439 distinct data points: 70,914 accounts, 136,877 relationships, 257,479 posts, 88,296 X transparency records, 164,075 follower and following entries and 6,873 retweeter records, collected between 11 August and 11 October 2026. Every account that entered the graph was examined on four planes: platform metadata (X's own location and app-build labels, creation date, rename history), content (language, reused text, typing artefacts, machine-assisted Hebrew), network (whom it follows, who follows it, whom it amplifies in step with) and activity (posting rhythm, retweet bursts, reply patterns).

The resulting dataset, published on Hugging Face, documents a coordinated network of at least 694 accounts, each individually listed with supporting indicators and evidence. These comprise 336 high-confidence accounts, 109 medium-high-confidence accounts, 179 medium-confidence accounts and 70 watchlist leads. Of the total, the 445 accounts classified at high or medium-high confidence are attributed by Golden Owl to the Iranian-linked operation. Notably, 623 of the 694 accounts were not part of the September network. An additional 2,169 Iranian accounts identified within the personas' social circles and 3,463 genuine amplifiers were counted separately but are not individually named.

The network's measurable audience exposure is substantial. During the research period (11 August to 11 October 2026), 13,386 original posts and replies from 181 network accounts accumulated at least 4,726,529 views and 160,663 interactions (124,492 likes, 20,655 reposts, 13,743 replies and 1,773 quotes). Across the broader collection of 18,946 posts from 588 accounts, extending primarily through 2025 and 2026, the recorded totals reached at least 18,833,711 views and 238,314 interactions. These figures represent observed activity rather than the network's total lifetime reach: only collected original posts and replies were counted, each once, and engagement figures reflect X's metrics at the time of collection. The research-period figures are therefore the more relevant measure of the operation's recent visibility, while the broader totals illustrate its accumulated exposure.

KEY FINDINGS

■  A large-scale Iranian-linked FIMI network. Golden Owl identified 694 coordinated accounts, including 445 attributed to the Iranian-linked operation with high or medium-high confidence. Of these, 623 were outside the network documented in September.

■  Millions of views ahead of Israel's election. During 11 August to 11 October 2026 alone, collected network posts generated at least 4.7 million views and 160,663 interactions. Across the broader collection, exposure exceeded 18.8 million views, demonstrating sustained visibility.

■  Israeli identities weaponised for foreign interference. A core apparatus of 326 Hebrew-language personas impersonates Israeli citizens, concealing foreign connections behind convincing local identities and European or American network locations.

■  An organised influence infrastructure, not spontaneous political debate. Mass account creation, replicated identities, 451 matching texts and coordinated amplification expose a systematic apparatus designed to manufacture apparent domestic consensus and extend the reach of selected narratives.

■  Foreign manipulation embedded in Israeli conversations. The personas follow 5,291 Israel-located accounts and attract reciprocal connections, allowing deceptive content to circulate alongside authentic political discussion and through genuine, potentially unwitting amplifiers.

■  A coordinated narrative of despair, division and institutional distrust. The operation amplifies six interconnected themes: the 7 October attacks framed as government betrayal; allegations of corruption and treason; unequal military obligations; war prolonged for political survival; national collapse, hopelessness and emigration; and electoral mobilisation against Netanyahu. Together, these narratives portray Israel as politically fractured, militarily vulnerable and facing an uncertain future, seeking to deepen existing grievances and erode social cohesion.

■  The strategic target is public trust. Rather than supporting a single electoral outcome, the operation exploits divisions over war, leadership, hostages and national security to amplify polarisation and erode confidence in Israeli institutions, military leadership and democratic processes.

The central finding is not merely the existence of false accounts, but a persistent, coordinated foreign information manipulation apparatus capable of reaching millions while presenting its messages as authentic Israeli political opinion.

The accounts share one construction. Each wears an Israeli identity: a Hebrew name, an Israeli city, a flag, a biography written to pass as a neighbour. Each operates from infrastructure X ties to Iran or from a VPN exit in Germany, the Netherlands, the United States or Finland. Each was built in the same batches, follows the same personas and draws on the same text library. Their objective is not persuasion toward a party. It is the Israeli voter's trust: in the government, in the army, in the state's future and in the election itself.

The narrative set is fixed. Across 807 labelled accounts the dominant themes are the war as a tool of political survival (450 accounts), an explicit call to vote Netanyahu out (407 accounts), Netanyahu as traitor and criminal (342 accounts), Iran's strength against Israel's weakness (228 accounts), collapse and emigration (143 accounts), the judiciary and democracy (137 accounts) and the abandoned hostages (113 accounts). Criticism of this kind is legitimate in Israel. What marks these accounts is that it is manufactured on Iranian infrastructure under Israeli names, in batches, from a shared script.

Beyond Iran, X's own records place 95 Israel-facing Hebrew personas in the Arab world (Egypt 26, North Africa 20, Yemen 9, Jordan 8, Algeria 6, Morocco 6), 17 in Turkey and 39 in countries with no Israeli diaspora (Nigeria 19, Africa 9, Benin 6, South Asia 2). Several of them republish the Iranian personas' text word for word; they are part of the same pipeline.

The dataset accompanying this report (JSON, CSV and XLSX) carries, for every account, X's transparency record, each indicator with its weight and evidence, network links, text matches with links to both posts and content labels with quoted evidence. 139 target-only screenshots captured on 11 October 2026 document the transparency panels, profiles and posts cited, and composite evidence boards reproduce them throughout the report.

Collaboration Note

This research was independently initiated and conducted by Golden Owl®, with the supporting dataset made publicly available. Golden Owl® is collaborating with YSocial on further investigations into the identified accounts and networks.

Scope and Publication Disclaimer

This report is an evidence-based open-source intelligence assessment. It relies exclusively on publicly available material and platform-published metadata observed during the research period. It expresses no political preference concerning any candidate, party, government, ideology or electoral outcome.

Criticism of the government or of the opposition, protest, partisan advocacy and foreign commentary are legitimate and were not treated as manipulation. The findings concern conduct for which the data provides convergent evidence of deceptive identity presentation, coordination, platform-attested foreign operation or deliberate targeting of the domestic electoral audience.

Account handles identify public online accounts. They do not establish the legal identity of the persons controlling them. Inclusion in the report or in the dataset is an analytical assessment, not an allegation that any identifiable natural person committed an offence or knowingly acted on behalf of a foreign state. Accounts at medium confidence (T3) or under monitoring (T4) are leads, not attributions.

Golden Owl did not seek private identities or non-public data. The investigation has no access to login records, IP addresses, device identifiers, registration details or payment data. Platform location and app-build labels are X's own inference and can be affected by VPNs, roaming or travel; they were always combined with other indicators.

Genuine Israeli users who retweeted or followed network accounts are not listed individually. Where the only signals were amplification or follows, accounts were classified as likely unwitting amplifiers and counted in aggregate.

1. Scale of the October collection

The October investigation processed 560,439 distinct data points: accounts, relationships, posts, transparency records and retweeter records. Every figure in this report traces back to a dated platform record.

Collected object

Volume

Accounts mapped

70,914

Relationships between accounts (follows, retweets, replies, shared phrases)

136,877

X transparency records ("About this account": location, app build, renames)

88,296

Distinct posts

257,479

Retweeter records (who reposted each network post)

6,873

Follower and following list entries

164,075

Figure 1. Objects collected in the October 2026 investigation (logarithmic scale).

Figure 1. Objects collected in the October 2026 investigation (logarithmic scale).

2. Methodology

2.1 Research design and data collection

This investigation employed a mixed-methods, evidence-based open-source intelligence (OSINT) approach, combining automated data processing with human analytical validation. Golden Owl's proprietary intelligence technology collected, processed, correlated and labelled publicly accessible information and platform-published metadata from X between 11 August and 11 October 2026.

The investigation processed 560,439 distinct data points, comprising account profiles, posts, relationships, platform transparency records and amplification activity. Building on the network identified in September, the investigation expanded through connected accounts, shared content and interaction patterns.

2.2 Analytical framework

Five complementary analytical dimensions were applied:

  1. Natural Language Processing (NLP): multilingual content analysis, narrative classification, semantic similarity, textual duplication and linguistic anomaly detection, including indicators of machine-assisted content generation.
  2. Social Network Analysis (SNA): graph-based examination of follower relationships, account clusters, shared connections, amplification pathways and network proximity.
  3. Behavioural analysis: assessment of posting patterns, account creation bursts, synchronised interactions, repetitive amplification and temporal coordination.
  4. Identity and platform analysis: examination of declared identities, account histories, creation dates, location indicators and application-build information published by X.
  5. Cross-source correlation: triangulation of content, network, behavioural and platform evidence to distinguish potentially coordinated activity from ordinary political participation.

Golden Owl's technology performed automated data collection, correlation, indicator extraction, labelling and initial rule-based classification. Given the sensitivity of foreign-state attribution, all 694 accounts included in the published dataset underwent individual analyst review, with classification adjustments made where warranted by the evidence.

2.3 Indicators, attribution and confidence assessment

Accounts were assessed using 54 indicators organised into five analytical evidence families: platform origin (P), identity and history (I), behaviour (B), content (C) and network position (N), alongside a sixth group (X) containing two zero-weight informational indicators. Analytical indicators were assigned weights between 0.5 and 10 according to their evidentiary significance. The complete indicator dictionary and associated weights are provided in Appendix D and the dataset metadata.

Family

Assessment focus

Principal indicators

P: platform-attested origin

Geographic and technical indicators published by X

Location and application-build labels, including apparent inconsistencies between declared identity and platform-reported origin

I: identity and history

Account creation and identity presentation

Creation dates, username changes, autogenerated handles, duplicated identities and profile inconsistencies

B: behaviour

Activity patterns and temporal coordination

Repetitive amplification, synchronised reposting, reply bursts and coordinated engagement

C: content

Linguistic and narrative characteristics

Shared or duplicated text, common hashtags, linguistic anomalies, machine-assisted Hebrew and repeated narrative patterns

N: network position

Relationships and operational proximity

Shared followers, mutual connections, proximity to previously identified personas and amplification of network accounts

Confidence tiers were assigned through predefined rules combining indicators across evidence families, supported by weighted scores and subsequent analyst validation. Scores alone did not determine attribution, and no single indicator was sufficient to establish high confidence without corroborating evidence or documented analytical justification. The resulting classifications comprise 336 high-confidence (T1), 109 medium-high-confidence (T2), 179 medium-confidence (T3) and 70 watchlist (T4) accounts:

Tier

Accounts

Classification

Assessment and publication criteria

T1: high confidence

336

Attributed

Previously identified personas with corroborating current indicators, or accounts supported by strong, convergent evidence of deceptive identity, operational connections and coordinated activity

T2: medium-high confidence

109

Attributed

Accounts exhibiting strong network, content or behavioural connections to the operation, supported by multiple independent indicator families

T3: medium confidence

179

Investigative lead

Accounts exhibiting consistent but insufficient evidence for attribution; retained for further investigation

T4: watchlist

70

Investigative lead

Accounts exhibiting indirect or limited indicators requiring additional corroboration

Total

694

Only T1 and T2 accounts (445 in total) were attributed by Golden Owl to the Iranian-linked operation. T3 and T4 accounts remain investigative leads and are not presented as established participants. Genuine users whose only observed activity involved following or amplifying network content were excluded from individual attribution.

Attribution refers to an evidence-based assessment of an account's relationship to the identified operation. It does not, by itself, establish the legal identity of its operator, direct state employment or individual criminal responsibility.

2.4 Operational definitions

Term

Definition

Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI)

A pattern of intentional, coordinated and manipulative behaviour, primarily non-illegal, that threatens or has the potential to negatively affect values, procedures and political processes. It may involve state or non-state actors, including their proxies.

Persona

A constructed or deceptively presented online identity designed to appear as an authentic member of a target audience.

Apparatus

An organised infrastructure of interconnected accounts, identities and operational mechanisms supporting coordinated influence activities.

Coordinated inauthentic behaviour

Deceptive activity involving multiple accounts that exhibit evidence of common operational control or coordination through behavioural, content and network indicators.

Amplifier

An account that increases the circulation or visibility of content through reposting, replying or other interactions. Amplification alone does not establish awareness of, or participation in, a coordinated operation.

Attribution

An evidence-based analytical assessment linking accounts or activities to an identified operation at a specified confidence level, without necessarily establishing individual identity or direct state control.

Confidence tier

A classification reflecting the strength and convergence of available evidence, distinguishing attributed accounts from investigative leads.

Observed exposure and engagement

Exposure is measured through recorded post views; engagement comprises likes, reposts, replies and quotes observed at collection time. These metrics do not establish unique audience size, persuasion or behavioural change.

2.5 Methodological limitations

The investigation relies on publicly accessible information and platform-generated metadata, which may be incomplete or affected by VPN usage, travel, platform inference errors and changes in account activity. Collection does not represent the complete historical activity of every account. Engagement figures are minimum observed totals, recorded at collection time, rather than comprehensive lifetime measures.

Although convergent evidence supports the reported assessments, observable coordination does not independently establish individual identities, direct state control or the effectiveness of an influence operation. Similarly, post views and interactions demonstrate exposure and circulation, not proven persuasion or electoral impact.

All findings are therefore presented with explicit confidence distinctions, supporting evidence and a clear separation between attributed accounts, investigative leads and potentially unwitting amplifiers.

3. Operated from Iran: the persona apparatus

X records, for every account, the build of the app it connects through and the country it operates from. "Iran Android App" is X's own label for the Iranian regional build. Because X is blocked in Iran, Iranian users reach it through VPNs, so an Iranian app build routinely appears beside a European or American location label. The accounts in this section are Hebrew accounts that address Israelis from that infrastructure, and the apparatus of personas built around them.

3.1 Israeli-presenting Hebrew accounts on Iranian infrastructure

146 accounts address Israelis in Hebrew while X places them in Iran or on the Iranian app. They present as Israelis, with an Israeli location or a Hebrew display name, or write mainly in Hebrew without any sign of an Iranian identity, so that their audience cannot tell where they operate from. The example below presents as a Jerusalem culture blogger.

Exhibit 1. Left: @vabhzn presents in Hebrew as a Jerusalem-based cultural chronicler ("wandering in culture, documenting human moments, untold stories"). Right: X's transparency panel for the same account: joined February 2026, based in Iran (marked accurate), connected via the Iran Android App. It follows two personas of the September network.

Account

Display name

Created

X: based in / app

Tier

Main indicators

@shahan59510

שמואל גולדשטיין

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@NylyZR

נילי עזר

2025-06

Turkey / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Hebrew persona in Turkey; June 2025 hashtag kit

@HSG1997israel

שירה גולן

2021-04

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@Fatemeh82770

נועה לוי

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@TomLevanon1993

תום לבנון

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@yamit_army

ימית שלו

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@Ivandray50

ایوان درعي _ איוואן דראי _ I

2026-08

Finland / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@luckyariel93

אֲרִיאֵל לֵוִי

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@ZrNyly82366

נילי עזר

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; copy of another persona's identity

@dm_ylwn83425

אדם אילון

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@TommySh7671

Tommy Shelby (טומי שלבי)

2022-07

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@BrndGpn52124

גפן ברנד

2025-06

France / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Eliana526388706

Eliana

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@israyNynh85885

נינה לביא

2025-06

Canada / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@vabhzn

yvab.hzn

2026-02

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@TomShalev121

תום שלו

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@libicohenone

libi cohen

2025-06

Turkey / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Hebrew persona in Turkey; June 2025 hashtag kit

@NinaL29416

. נינה לביא (Nina Lavi)

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Arabic script inside Hebrew; copy of another persona's identity

@azhrh297606

אַזהָרָה

2024-07

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; mutual with new personas

@idoperetz1313

עידו פרץ

2025-06

Turkey / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Hebrew persona in Turkey; June 2025 hashtag kit

@Tom1994Levanon

Sarah

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@AMAJ_JUDAH

🎗טליה🎗משמר אריה יהודה🦁

2025-07

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@gpn75803

גפן ברנד

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@prz_ydw22732

עידו פרץ

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@DavidBenYishaii

דוד בן ישי

2025-06

Iran / Web

T1

based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@SlwTwm54688

תום שלו

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Zoharadamm

תום לבנון

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@dwid562953

דָּוִד

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@ghafari_mo13408

Yamit Shalev. ימית שלו

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@Carooll48629556

Carooll

2021-10

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@omristernnn

עמרי שטרן

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@hadas_1996

רפאל נבון

2025-06

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@mayasegev_1996

מיה שגב

2025-06

Czech Republic / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Noam_Behar3003

נועם בכר

2025-06

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Rafanavon

רפאל נבון (Rafael Navon)

2024-10

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@tom_shalev20

תום שלו

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@twmlbnwn067

‎ תום לבנון

2025-06

Iran / United States iOS

T1

based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@abedy_mehr47491

אַרְיֵה

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@109Monzavi

רפאל נבון

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Adam_123498

אדם אילון

2018-03

Sweden / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

3.2 Iranian accounts acting on the network

A further 61 Iran-located accounts do not present as Israelis but act on the network: they retweet its personas, follow several of them, or republish Iran's overt Hebrew outlets. 26 of them retweet Press TV Hebrew or Iran Hayom. In the two months to 11 October, Press TV Hebrew's posts were retweeted by 165 distinct accounts and Iran Hayom's by 193. Amplifying an openly Iranian outlet is not covert activity; these accounts are listed at medium confidence because they map the Iranian domestic audience that pushes Hebrew-language state messaging toward Israelis.

Account

Display name

Created

X: based in / app

Tier

Main indicators

@heeejokera_j1ng

Teddy Daniels

2026-05

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September; created 2026

@KeminMari95505

Mari Kemin

2026-03

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September; created 2026

@Harpatqan

majarajo2

2025-09

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September; multiple renames

@nbl255871565775

آنابل

2025-12

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September

@Godofwar1400

Amin

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; mutual with new personas

@Reza_editor

🇮🇷سیدرضا🇮🇷

2018-04

United States / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@karimi_maj33613

majid karimi

2026-03

Iran / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; based in Iran; created 2026

@sejilkhibar

اقتدار

2025-11

Iran / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; based in Iran

@MiladMikaeili

milad mikaeili

2020-01

Azerbaijan / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@Difani550610

shahin

2025-04

Iran / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; based in Iran

@mmaminamani

Amin Amani

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@bavalihag

نوسان تی وی

2025-12

Iran / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; based in Iran

@mehrdad2502

mehrdad2502 khorasani

2025-07

Iran / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; based in Iran

@ivanka2030

Lasting Peace

2025-06

Iran / Iran iOS

T3

Iranian app build; based in Iran

@yn775757932009

sajad

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@a_sahabnejad

Ayoob Sahabnejad

2022-11

Iran / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; based in Iran

@al_aqsa_2026

Al-Aqsa Mosque

2024-08

Poland / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; synchronised retweets; multiple renames

@imagineafterlif

imagine it

2025-06

Finland / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@IPE_UT

فَإِنَّ مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ يُسْر

2026-01

United States / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; amplifies Iranian outlet; created 2026

@lbnwn_twm33566

Tom

2025-06

Canada / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit

@YU0CqEZohL40329

❤️الله💚God is with Iran❤️الل

2025-10

Germany / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; amplifies Iranian outlet

@msadeghsm

محمدصادق سعیدمحمدی 🟥 ☫ 🟩

2023-04

France / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; amplifies Iranian outlet; multiple renames

@Ali678407295

Ali abdulmaleki

2016-10

United States / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; amplifies Iranian outlet; high-volume retweeting

@Hannah_N_8

Hannah

2025-08

United States / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; amplifies Iranian outlet; multiple renames

@kamran_plus

کامران

2020-01

United States / Iran Android

T3

Iranian app build; amplifies Iranian outlet; multiple renames

3.3 Hebrew channels run from Iran

Overt Iranian Hebrew outlets (@presstvhebrew, @Iranhayom, @IranMilitaryHeb, @Iranhayom2, @Khamenei_Heb) say what they are. They are listed separately in the dataset with the other 41 openly Iranian or allied outlets and officials, and are not counted as personas. A different category is the Hebrew channel that presents as an independent news or media source without disclosing its origin:

Account

Name

X: based in / app

Followers

Note

@kig_voice

kigvoice_il

Israel / Israel Android App

10

Named in the March 2026 Israeli government assessment; its captions reappear on persona timelines

@xrb2dt

איראן בעברית

France / Iran Android App

0

Openly Iranian Hebrew-language account

@NewsofIsraelWar

חדשות מלחמת ישראל עם איראן

Iran / United Kingdom Android App

23

Created 7 July 2025, after the June war; reposts Israeli news about Iran; last post 12 November 2025

@KShavurOfficial

Kol_Shavur_official

- / -

22

Media-style channel quoting Kol Hamappa; no longer on X by 11 October 2026

@kolhamappa

קול המפה

- / -

39

Named in the March 2026 Israeli government assessment; no longer on X by 11 October 2026

3.4 The persona apparatus behind fourteen reported accounts

Fourteen Hebrew accounts posing as Israelis served as the entry points into the apparatus. The first seven, @vabhzn, @Thearmy55518041, @yvabprydmn, @israusa1989, @maziarsam, @amyt_studio and @lb_wr66262, all connect through the Iran Android App; X places two of them in Iran and five in Germany, the United States or Singapore. Each wears an Israeli identity: a Jerusalem culture chronicler, a Beer Sheva news analyst, a Haifa cultural activist, 'Israel's proud soldier'. All seven are published, five at T1.

The second seven, @TamarBatYisrael, @LiyWor971, @elyah_cohen_, @elias24952, @FazyFry96148, @sadeghi9036 and @Godofwar1400, are published at T1. Five of them were created on 16 or 17 June 2025, and five carry no Iranian label in X's records: they connect from Belgium, Germany, Sweden and Turkey through the web or non-Iranian app builds. Their posts identify them. @TamarBatYisrael, a 'proud Zionist' from Jerusalem, wrote 'I wish Netanyahu were like Iran's leader' and pasted a chatbot's answer complete with its offer to rephrase. @FazyFry96148, a copy of the 'Maya Segev' persona, replied in Persian to the IRGC's media account on 13 June 2025 ('for the Quran's sake, strike') and four days later began posting in Hebrew as an Israeli. @elias24952 calls itself 'Elias Hassan-Abadi', a Persian surname, and @Godofwar1400 ('Amin', on the Iranian app) reposts pro-regime Persian content while following and being followed by the new personas.

Exhibit 2. X's transparency panels for the seven accounts reported on 11 October.

Exhibit 2. X's transparency panels for the seven accounts reported on 11 October.

Exhibit 3. What the accounts reported on 11 October post. Times in captions are UTC; times inside screenshots are the browser's local time.

Exhibit 3. What the accounts reported on 11 October post. Times in captions are UTC; times inside screenshots are the browser's local time.

Mapping the network around both sets and every published Hebrew persona on the Iranian app produced 369 Iran-linked accounts that write in Hebrew, 245 of them beyond the reported and previously published accounts, and 37 are Iranians who write some Hebrew under their own identity; these are not counted as personas. The remaining 326 accounts conceal where they operate from. They use Israeli names, photographs and cities, or write in Hebrew with no sign of an Iranian identity. 313 of them meet the dataset's publication threshold, 266 at T1.

146 of the 326 carry an Iranian label in X's records: 133 connect through the Iran Android App and 31 are located in Iran itself; outside Iran they show the location of a VPN exit or proxy. The other 180 show no Iranian label at all, and they are the operation's better-hidden half: 179 of them were created in June 2025, 158 on 17 June alone, and 179 follow or are followed by at least two Iran-labelled personas. They belong to the same batches and reach X through connections in Germany (76), Netherlands (19), United States (16), Finland (13) and France (11). X itself flags 159 of the 326 location labels as possibly inaccurate, and 220 accounts have changed their username at least once.

Exhibit 4. X's transparency panels for the first seven reported accounts and the first members of the network. All panels are reproduced in Appendix G. Page 1 of 10.

Exhibit 4. X's transparency panels for the first seven reported accounts and the first members of the network. All panels are reproduced in Appendix G. Page 1 of 10.

Exhibit 5. Profile headers of the first seven reported accounts: Israeli names and cities, and one 'X | Y' tagline template.

Exhibit 5. Profile headers of the first seven reported accounts: Israeli names and cities, and one 'X | Y' tagline template.

3.5 Built in batches

Sorted by creation date, the concealed personas fall into batches that no organic population produces. June 2025: 276 accounts, 243 of them created on 17 June 2025, the fifth day of the war between Israel and Iran. Four share the vertical-bar biography template. February 2026: 6 accounts. Five share the vertical-bar biography template. October 2024: 5 accounts, three of them created on 10 October 2024. Three of the five connect through the Cyprus Android App build although X places them in Iran. Older accounts were repurposed: @Tzurieli1122, created in 2020, has changed its username eight times, most recently in June 2025, and @maziarsam dates from 2014.

The table below gives the creation month of all 694 accounts in the dataset and of the 326 concealed personas. Accounts created before 2024 are grouped by year.

Creation month

Accounts in the dataset

Concealed personas

2008

1

0

2009

2

0

2010

2

0

2011

8

0

2012

7

0

2013

8

0

2014

5

1

2015

4

0

2016

4

0

2017

12

0

2018

13

2

2019

12

1

2020

15

2

2021

13

2

2022

22

3

2023

17

2

January 2024

2

0

February 2024

2

0

March 2024

1

0

April 2024

7

2

May 2024

3

1

June 2024

2

0

July 2024

7

2

August 2024

4

1

September 2024

6

2

October 2024

6

5

November 2024

5

1

December 2024

6

1

January 2025

4

1

February 2025

3

1

March 2025

4

2

April 2025

7

0

May 2025

3

0

June 2025

292

276

July 2025

12

2

August 2025

8

1

September 2025

20

1

October 2025

10

0

November 2025

18

2

December 2025

17

1

January 2026

14

0

February 2026

13

6

March 2026

24

2

April 2026

6

0

May 2026

10

1

June 2026

14

0

July 2026

8

1

August 2026

7

1

September 2026

3

0

October 2026

1

0

Total

694

326

Exhibit 6. Every concealed persona in one view, sorted by creation date (data cards drawn from X's labels; gold badges mark months in which four or more personas were created). The full roster is in Appendix H. Page 1 of 8.

Exhibit 6. Every concealed persona in one view, sorted by creation date (data cards drawn from X's labels; gold badges mark months in which four or more personas were created). The full roster is in Appendix H. Page 1 of 8.

3.6 June 2025: a wartime panic campaign in Hebrew

While Iranian missiles were striking Israeli cities, 179 of the personas posted with one hashtag kit (601 posts): #ביבי_לך (Bibi go), #לא_למלחמה (no to war), #ביבי_כלא (Bibi to prison), #אין_שקט (no quiet), and English tags that include the misspelling #isreal_war, a mistake no Hebrew speaker makes in a campaign tag. The posts are first-person testimonies written for an Israeli audience: a home lost, children screaming in the shelter, regret at being born in Israel, the wish to disappear into the sea. Others claim inside knowledge from 'a friend in the Shin Bet' that 'Israel's story is over', demand that the borders be opened so that people can leave, and insist that Israel lies about its operations while Iran's missiles cannot be intercepted.

The coordination is written into the text. Sixteen messages were posted word for word by different personas. 'Iran warned the residents of Ramat [Gan] to leave immediately' went out from seven personas, first by @dhn6877 at 23:27 UTC on 17 June, then by three more within half an hour. The most widely copied, 'People of Israel, how many times do you think you will live? ... Is it worth your children dying? For what, for whom? For Netanyahu', was posted by seventeen personas, several of them in shorter or longer cuts of the same text. The same IRGC video, captioned in Hebrew 'the operation so far was only a warning', was attached by @BrndGpn52124 and @YonatanSha48473. Most posts drew tens of views; some broke through, and @Tzurieli1122's 'Netanyahu, get lost' received 705 likes and 129 reposts.

אלוהים הגדול... איראן הזהירה את תושבי רמת שיש לעזוב מיד. לעזאזל איתך, נתניהו, מלחמתי בן זונה.

“Great God... Iran has warned the residents of Ramat [Gan] to leave immediately. To hell with you, Netanyahu, you warmongering son of a bitch.”

@dhn6877 (23:27 UTC) and @BrndGpn52124 (23:43 UTC), 17 June 2025

In the last days of the war the same personas switched language on command. On 23 June 2025, a day before the ceasefire took effect, twenty of them posted 41 Arabic messages urging Yemen's Houthis to strike Saudi Aramco. They addressed the Houthi military spokesman by name ('Yahya Saree, Aramco is waiting for you. Strike that point, it is their weak spot') and spread an unsourced 'breaking news' claim that Yemeni missiles had hit Saudi oil facilities. @shahan59510, which presents in Hebrew as 'Shmuel Goldstein', posted nine of them. Accounts built to speak as Israelis were turned, for a day, into a call for regional escalation in Arabic: the same hands hold both scripts.

Exhibit 7. The June 2025 campaign. Times in captions are UTC; times inside screenshots are the browser's local time. Page 1 of 3.

Exhibit 7. The June 2025 campaign. Times in captions are UTC; times inside screenshots are the browser's local time. Page 1 of 3.

Exhibit 8. The June 2025 campaign. Times in captions are UTC; times inside screenshots are the browser's local time. Page 2 of 3.

Exhibit 8. The June 2025 campaign. Times in captions are UTC; times inside screenshots are the browser's local time. Page 2 of 3.

Exhibit 9. The June 2025 campaign. Times in captions are UTC; times inside screenshots are the browser's local time. Page 3 of 3.

Exhibit 9. The June 2025 campaign. Times in captions are UTC; times inside screenshots are the browser's local time. Page 3 of 3.

3.7 One Israeli identity, several accounts

The apparatus keeps its characters in reserve. 32 Israeli identities are each carried by two or more accounts, 133 accounts in all: Tom Levanon (תום לבנון), 14 accounts; Adam Eilon (אדם אילון), 11 accounts; Nili Ezer (נילי עזר), 10 accounts; Rafael Navon, 10 accounts; Dror Zamir (דרור זמיר), 8 accounts; Yamit Shalev, 6 accounts; Maya Segev (מיה שגב), 5 accounts; Nina Lavi (נינה לביא), 5 accounts; Tom Shalev (תום שלו), 5 accounts; Gal Rafael (גל רפאל), 4 accounts; Lian Dahan (ליאן דהן), 4 accounts; Libi Cohen (ליבי כהן), 4 accounts; and twenty more. The copies share a Hebrew name and often a photograph or a biography. X places 57 of the 133 copies in Iran or on the Iranian app; 75 of the others were created in the June 2025 batches. Several copies of one character let the operator replace a suspended persona without losing it.

'Yoav' runs as @yvabprydmn and @MBa2021296 with a word-for-word identical biography. 'Tom Levanon' is both a renamed 2020 account (@israusa1989) and an account created on 17 June 2025 (@TomLevanon1993). 'Nili Ezer' was created twice on 17 June 2025, once in Latin letters and once in Hebrew. 'Tal Beer' (@tl_beer and @tl__9800) uses the same photograph. A biography template, two or three short phrases joined by vertical bars ('From the event to the analysis | an in-depth look at today's news'), recurs in 12 profiles.

Exhibit 10. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 1 of 6.

Exhibit 10. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 1 of 6.

Exhibit 11. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 2 of 6.

Exhibit 11. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 2 of 6.

Exhibit 12. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 3 of 6.

Exhibit 12. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 3 of 6.

Exhibit 13. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 4 of 6.

Exhibit 13. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 4 of 6.

Exhibit 14. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 5 of 6.

Exhibit 14. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 5 of 6.

Exhibit 15. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 6 of 6.

Exhibit 15. Every Israeli identity carried by two or more Iran-linked accounts (data cards from X's labels). Page 6 of 6.

Exhibit 16. Duplicate personas in X's own interface. All eight accounts connect through the Iran Android App. Page 1 of 2.

Exhibit 16. Duplicate personas in X's own interface. All eight accounts connect through the Iran Android App. Page 1 of 2.

Exhibit 17. Duplicate personas in X's own interface. All eight accounts connect through the Iran Android App. Page 2 of 2.

Exhibit 17. Duplicate personas in X's own interface. All eight accounts connect through the Iran Android App. Page 2 of 2.

3.8 Persian fingerprints

The operators leave Persian fingerprints inside their Hebrew. Fourteen personas typed the Arabic comma (،) or question mark (؟), characters a Hebrew keyboard does not produce, inside Hebrew posts. Eighteen pasted chatbot output with the assistant's preamble or Markdown markers still attached ('Here is a shorter and more focused version with the same hashtags:'). Nine keep a Persian registration name behind an Israeli display name: @Fatemeh82770 is 'Noa Levi'; @ghafari_mo13408 is 'Yamit Shalev'; @MMoradi95601 is 'Tom Levanon'.

Exhibit 18. Operator traces: pasted chatbot output, Persian punctuation and a shared IRGC video. Page 1 of 2.

Exhibit 18. Operator traces: pasted chatbot output, Persian punctuation and a shared IRGC video. Page 1 of 2.

Exhibit 19. Operator traces: pasted chatbot output, Persian punctuation and a shared IRGC video. Page 2 of 2.

Exhibit 19. Operator traces: pasted chatbot output, Persian punctuation and a shared IRGC video. Page 2 of 2.

3.9 Beyond the war: narratives, reach and security relevance

Outside the war, the same apparatus pushes narratives that erode trust in Israeli institutions. @azhrh297606 posted an AI-generated video of former defence minister Yoav Gallant, asking why Israel does not arrest 'Iran's strategic spy'. @David_coohen ran a four-hashtag campaign on the 'collapse' of Israeli tourism. In 2026 the reported accounts moved to the election: distrust of 'the leadership', broken promises and the cost of living, replies under Naftali Bennett, Gadi Eisenkot and Isaac Herzog, and audience-building replies on popular Israeli humour accounts.

Reach. The 326 personas follow 5,291 distinct accounts that X places in Israel, and 331 Israel-located accounts follow them. Mass-following Israelis is how the personas harvest follow-backs and enter Israeli timelines: @AMAJ_JUDAH alone follows 2,352 Israel-located accounts. The personas are wired to each other: 1,370 follow relationships connect 316 of them.

Security relevance. One persona replied to Israeli users with unsolicited offers of well-paid work ('want a good job with a good salary?', 'send a message for cooperation and good income'). Approaches of this kind are the online recruitment pattern that Israeli security services have repeatedly warned the public about. Golden Owl did not interact with the accounts and refers them to the authorities.

Exhibit 20. Narratives beyond the war.

Exhibit 20. Narratives beyond the war.

Exhibit 21. What the first seven reported accounts write. Page 1 of 2.

Exhibit 21. What the first seven reported accounts write. Page 1 of 2.

Exhibit 22. What the first seven reported accounts write. Page 2 of 2.

Exhibit 22. What the first seven reported accounts write. Page 2 of 2.

Assessment. The concealed personas are operated from Iran, with high confidence: X's own labels place 146 of them in Iran or on the Iranian app; the other 180 were created in the same June 2025 batches, sit inside the same follow network and were confirmed on analyst review; and their text carries Persian-keyboard and translation traces. They are centrally coordinated, with high confidence: batch creation, duplicated identities, one hashtag kit, identical messages minutes apart, shared IRGC media and a same-day switch to Arabic. The open data do not name the Iranian body that runs them. The timing, above all the surge during the June 2025 war, and the match with the Iranian Hebrew-language operations described in the Israeli government's March 2026 assessment make a state-directed operation the only hypothesis consistent with the evidence.

4. "Israelis" located in the Arab world and beyond

X's location label was compared with each account's self-presentation. Hebrew-speaking accounts located in Europe or North America are, in the main, genuine: Israelis abroad, diaspora Jews, journalists. Hebrew accounts presenting as Israelis while located in countries with no plausible Israeli diaspora are a different category, and the data places them inside the same operation.

Figure 2. Israel-facing published accounts located outside Israel, by X's 'account based in' label. Colours mark the class of location.

Figure 2. Israel-facing published accounts located outside Israel, by X's 'account based in' label. Colours mark the class of location.

X: account based in

Israel-facing published accounts

Egypt

26

North Africa

20

Nigeria

19

Turkey

17

Yemen

9

Africa

9

Jordan

8

Algeria

6

Benin

6

Morocco

6

Iraq

4

Saudi Arabia

4

Lebanon

3

United Arab Emirates

3

Tunisia

2

South Asia

2

Somalia

1

Palestine

1

Qatar

1

Mauritania

1

4.1 The Arab world

95 Israel-facing Hebrew personas are located in Arab countries (Palestine is treated separately because Hebrew is widely spoken there). The United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Morocco are weighted lower, since Israelis live, work and holiday there; 9 of the accounts are located in those three states, and each carries other evidence. The tier rules require network links or content anomalies before an account in the Arab world is published above T3. The personas below pass that bar: Israeli names, Israeli cities and Hebrew biographies on Egyptian, North African, Algerian and Yemeni infrastructure, with text that the Iranian personas republish.

Exhibit 23. Left: @hbh71505 presents as 'Aviva Aviv', 27, a Tel Aviv University management graduate living in Tel Aviv. Right: Its transparency panel: joined March 2026, based in North Africa (marked accurate), one username change, North Africa Android App. Its text was republished by the Cluster B writer @WYylwn41269.

Exhibit 24. Left: @esteer000 presents as 'Esther', a mother and concerned citizen opposed to Netanyahu, location Israel. Right: Its transparency panel: joined September 2025, based in Egypt (marked accurate), connected via the Kuwait Android App. Its Hebrew shows the machine-assisted style (Section 5.2).

Exhibit 25. Left: @HylhStyyn58437, 'Hila Stein', declared location Nahariya: joined February 2026, based in Algeria, Algeria Android App. Right: @AAvinoam28948, declared location Tiberias: joined November 2025, based in Yemen, Yemen Android App.

Account

Display name

Created

X: based in / app

Tier

Main indicators

@redline123z

קו אדום

2026-06

Lebanon / Lebanon Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; shared text with personas

@yaacouv24

Yaer Yaacouv

2025-12

North Africa / West Asia Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; shared text with personas

@Noalevy0426

נועם לוי

2025-11

North Africa / North Africa Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; shared text with personas

@yamitshalev0

ימית שלו

2025-06

Iraq / Iraq Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity

@YuvalYitzhk5p2k

יצחק יובל

2026-07

Egypt / Web

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; shared text with personas

@eilanmm

אליאן מ.מ.

2025-07

Saudi Arabia / Saudi Arabia Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; amplifies 4+ personas

@BenhayonDe40527

דייוויד אלברג אל-שמל

2025-11

Morocco / Morocco Android

T1

classified in September; Hebrew persona in UAE/Bahrain/Morocco; non-native Hebrew

@NetaKohav

נטע כוכב

2026-06

North Africa / North Africa Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; shared text with personas; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@mws1499826

מוסא

2024-07

Yemen / Yemen Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@hbh71505

אביבה אביב

2026-03

North Africa / North Africa Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; its text relayed by personas; created 2026

@Omz_ktz

עומר כץ

2025-06

United Arab Emirates / United Arab Emirates Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; Hebrew persona in UAE/Bahrain/Morocco

@AviLevi67

Avi Levi

2025-06

Egypt / Web

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; multiple renames

@e4ll8a

אלה אילני

2025-07

North Africa / North Africa Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September

@MBynw96636

אבישג אבינועם

2025-06

Egypt / Egypt Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; shared text with personas; non-native Hebrew

@Rivka_Levi1989

רִבְקָה לֵוִי

2025-06

United Arab Emirates / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; Hebrew persona in UAE/Bahrain/Morocco

@Chopsticks_7_10

כתב🇮🇱🍅🤘🎗️

2025-03

Saudi Arabia / Saudi Arabia Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@AmitCohen96

Amit Cohen

2025-07

Yemen / Web

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@ytn82922

איתן יוסף@

2024-04

Egypt / Egypt Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@AdvaAvisha4092

קרן פלג

2026-03

North Africa / North Africa Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; Arabic script inside Hebrew; created 2026

@levi_lubinsky

Levi Lubinsky

2024-12

North Africa / Web

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@Ronenmichil

Ronen Michaeli 🎗️

2025-02

Egypt / Egypt Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September

@uhjkkl63748

אדווה

2025-10

Egypt / Web

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; its text relayed by personas; mutual follows with personas

@YaelCohen782

Yael Cohen

2026-03

North Africa / West Asia Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; shared text with personas; its text relayed by personas

@MayaNoa16577

מיה נוע

2025-01

Morocco / Morocco Android

T1

classified in September; Hebrew persona in UAE/Bahrain/Morocco

@Mikhail62692082

מיכאל

2023-12

Jordan / Jordan Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; Arabic script inside Hebrew; non-native Hebrew

@David10jun

David Magen

2024-11

Egypt / Turkey iOS

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; its text relayed by personas

@myrtt615

אמיר טאט

2024-08

Egypt / Egypt Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; Arabic script inside Hebrew; mutual follows with personas

@yigal79740

yigal_blum

2024-11

North Africa / Web

T1

classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@GoniKalin60800

Goni kalin

2025-11

Yemen / Yemen Android

T2

classified in September; mutual follows with personas; mutual with new personas

@HylhStyyn58437

הילה שטיין

2026-02

Algeria / Algeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; created 2026; non-native Hebrew

@NovaHirschz1

נובה הירש

2025-11

North Africa / North America Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual follows with personas; multiple renames

@BynwZ73241

אבינועם זורע

2025-11

Yemen / Yemen Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual follows with personas; mutual with new personas

@AAvinoam28948

⭐אבשלום

2025-11

Yemen / Yemen Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual follows with personas

@esteer000

אסתר

2025-09

Egypt / Kuwait Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; machine-assisted Hebrew

@86Jacob83311

Jacob 86

2025-09

Jordan / Jordan Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; non-native Hebrew

@ETwye50616

יעקב

2026-03

Yemen / Yemen Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; created 2026; follows Iranian outlet

@OhadSeg

Ohad Segev

2025-09

North Africa / Web

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; multiple renames; renamed 2026

@j0s9f

יוסף

2025-12

Egypt / Egypt Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; high-volume retweeting; mutual follows with personas

@yael_noam

Yael Noam

2026-03

Iraq / Iraq Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; created 2026; follows Iranian outlet

@israelle_am

בורגהם 🇮🇱

2024-09

Yemen / Yemen Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual with new personas

4.2 Other countries without an Israeli diaspora

39 Israel-facing Hebrew personas are located in countries such as Nigeria, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and Afghanistan. A minority are commercial spam or hijacked accounts; those were down-weighted and marked in the dataset. The rest are personas of the same construction, reached through the same VPN and proxy infrastructure.

Account

Display name

Created

X: based in / app

Tier

Main indicators

@TomLevanon_

תום לבנון (Tom Levanon)

2025-06

Afghanistan / Afghanistan Android

T1

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@trade1168249

בלוקפי ישראלי

2026-03

Africa / North America iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026; mutual follows with personas

@bukhman1472

EyalGolanOfficial

2026-03

Africa / Africa Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026

@KSchuster4468

Kevin Schuster

2026-02

Nigeria / Nigeria iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026; mutual with new personas

@Oren5612

✡︎ Oren | צה״ל ✡︎🇮🇱

2026-05

Nigeria / Nigeria iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026; multiple renames

@MichealCohen21

Micheal Cohen

2011-09

Nigeria / Nigeria iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; non-native Hebrew; renamed 2026

@Orthopedic_sur5

Hendrik Cornelis

2025-06

Ghana / Ghana Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@GsJmi27980

Madame Noa Kirel Peretz

2026-03

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026

@Noamola8p

Noamalon1

2026-09

Nigeria / Israel Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created since Aug 2026; non-native Hebrew

@Nathaniel_ben42

Nathaniel Benjamin. נתנאל בנ

2026-01

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026; renamed 2026

@anthony_ja64630

אנתוני דאגלס

2026-03

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026

@TamarAzulai03

Tamar Azulai

2026-04

Africa / Africa Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026

@MayerJohns70396

Jesse Theodores

2025-09

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@nathanbenj020

Nathan Benjamin

2012-05

Africa / North America iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; multiple renames; renamed 2026

@LeviNaimi58752

Nathalie levi-Naimi

2025-06

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@Adinabathsheba

Adinabathsheba 🇮🇱

2024-09

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; mutual follows with personas

@FreemanMic16522

Micheal Freeman

2025-11

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@Silkekuhne14

Silke kuhne🇮🇱🏵️

2025-05

Benin / Benin Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@isaacAlon_055

Isaac Alon

2024-09

Africa / West Asia iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; multiple renames

@eliias_Adam

Maya Elias

2013-12

Africa / Africa Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@Qa56679

אברהם ברבי

2013-01

Nigeria / United States iOS

T3

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; mutual with new personas; renamed 2026

@DDisatnik_

davey disatnik

2011-06

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T3

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; renamed 2026

@ManiacBegin

מנחם להתחיל

2022-06

South Asia / South Asia iOS

T3

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; multiple renames

@Ray91601867

מקס הזועם

2019-09

Burkina Faso / Burkina Faso Android

T3

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@PedroCapo644163

Pedro Caleb

2024-06

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T3

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

Figure 3. Operational fingerprints of published accounts: X's location label (rows) against the app build (columns). Combinations such as Europe with a North Africa or Iran app build mark VPN or proxy use from a third country.

Figure 3. Operational fingerprints of published accounts: X's location label (rows) against the app build (columns). Combinations such as Europe with a North Africa or Iran app build mark VPN or proxy use from a third country.

5. One script, many voices

Independent users do not publish identical paragraphs. Golden Owl found 2,391 verbatim or near-verbatim matches between accounts. Most are ordinary: activists pasting the same campaign call, news outlets mirroring each other. 451 matches are between network personas and form the operation's shared text library.

Account

Account

Shared texts

@E_katrina_s

@polinaRamannova

17

@HaezrachC

@redline123z

12

@ArgamanEvelyn

@gwldh48971

8

@WYylwn41269

@ella_kauf

6

@NbwnRp99225

@Skylark4030

6

@WYylwn41269

@gwldh48971

5

@AvrahamiDa13508

@WYylwn41269

4

@Skylark4030

@Zoharadamm

4

@TomShalev121

@nyly_zr15073

4

@Amiinisrael

@nyly_zr15073

4

@ArgamanEvelyn

@miriamkozakk

3

@WYylwn41269

@redline123z

3

@E_katrina_s

@Malishalev

3

@Malishalev

@polinaRamannova

3

@Naomilevil

@NbwnRp99225

3

@NbwnRp99225

@lbnwn_twm88439

3

@NbwnRp99225

@Ramin37600Ramin

3

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@NbwnRp99225

3

@Amiinisrael

@TomShalev121

3

@HerwtLherwt

@gwldh48971

2

The library runs through the cells identified in September: the Mali / Katrina / Polina cell, the Cluster B writers around @gwldh48971, @ArgamanEvelyn and @WYylwn41269, and the KigVoice-to-Yaara caption pipeline. KigVoice captions reappeared word for word on Yaara Shalev's timeline 4 times between 24 August and 28 September, each time without attribution. It now also feeds the new accounts. Examples of first posts and later copies:

First posted by

Copied by

Gap

Text (start)

@gwldh48971

@ArgamanEvelyn

0 h

אם הייתי שר ב-7 באוקטובר..." – התירוצים משתנים, אבל הבריחה מאחריות נשארת אותה בריחה. ​מתי בפעם האחרונה מישהו בממשלה הזאת

@dhn6877

@LibiCohen31

0 h

אלוהים הגדול... איראן הזהירה את תושבי רמת שיש לעזוב מיד. לעזאזל איתך, נתניהו, מלחמתי בן זונה. #ביבי_לך #לא_למלחמה #ביב

@e4ll8a

@YaelCohen782

0 h

ניצחון איראני מלא מלא! נראה את טראמפ מעיז להראות את הפרצוף שלו בישראל. הוא וגדול הצוררים, ביבי! https://t.co/hA6v2pwl8

@ArgamanEvelyn

@gwldh48971

0 h

68% מהמצביעים הדמוקרטים במישיגן אומרים שעל ארצות הברית להטיל סנקציות על "ישראל". וזהו אחד ההישגים הבולטים של משרד החוץ ש

@dhn6877

@BrndGpn52124

0 h

אלוהים הגדול... איראן הזהירה את תושבי רמת שיש לעזוב מיד. לעזאזל איתך, נתניהו, מלחמתי בן זונה. #ביבי_לך #לא_למלחמה #ביב

@E_katrina_s

@polinaRamannova

0 h

@yayafink @AmiDror אני אומר שהליכוד הולך להתפצל לשני מחנות: השפויים וכל השאר. וביסמוט? הוא איכשהו יהיה בשניהם. https://t

@dhn6877

@ZmyrDrwr57113

1 h

אלוהים הגדול... איראן הזהירה את תושבי רמת שיש לעזוב מיד. לעזאזל איתך, נתניהו, מלחמתי בן זונה. #ביבי_לך #לא_למלחמה #ביב

@StrnMry50491

@NinaL29416

1 h

> עם ישראל... כמה פעמים אתם חושבים שתחיו? האם אתם חיים יותר מפעם אחת? האם באמת כדאי לחיות בלחץ כזה? האם שווה לסכן את

@shahan59510

@nyly_zr15073

1 h

> עם ישראל... כמה פעמים אתם חושבים שתחיו? האם אתם חיים יותר מפעם אחת? האם באמת כדאי לחיות בלחץ כזה? האם שווה לסכן את

@Michal19Shapira

@Bynw200

1 h

@itay_almog_bar האזרחים שנפגעו, אלה שאיבדו את הבית, הכלכלה בקריסה - נתניהו פשוט מתעלם. הוא חייב להחזיק מעמד בשלטון ולו ר

@DrwrZmyr62973

@ymyt62000

1 h

"כל כוחות ההתנגדות רוצים להיכנס למדינה שלנו" #iran_war #isreal_war #Tehran_war #Telaviv_war

@polinaRamannova

@E_katrina_s

1 h

בעצם, בכל מדינה נורמלית, בנימין-ה 7-באוקטובר-נתניהו, לא היה מועמד לראשות הממשלה.

@shahan59510

@MShr10200

1 h

> עם ישראל... כמה פעמים אתם חושבים שתחיו? האם אתם חיים יותר מפעם אחת? האם באמת כדאי לחיות בלחץ כזה? האם שווה לסכן את

@ArgamanEvelyn

@gwldh48971

1 h

@IlanLukatch האם יש עוד מישהו שמאמין שהאנשים האלה דואגים למדינה? ממשלת המחדל ומלך השחיתות מונעים אך ורק מאינטרסים אישיים

5.1 Copied sentences across the platform

112 posts by other accounts published distinctive sentences first written by network personas. Each author was tested against the indicators; authors whose only link was a shared common phrase were not published. Direction matters throughout: an account counts as a copier only when it published the text after a persona, and genuine users whose posts personas harvested are recorded as sources, not members.

5.2 Machine-assisted Hebrew

Two features separate machine-drafted Hebrew from ordinary Israeli posting. The first is the typographic dash (– or —), awkward to type on Hebrew keyboards and common in language-model output. The second is a contrastive template, "not X – (it is) Y" ("זה לא טעות – זו הכרזה"). In the general Hebrew election conversation (62,039 Hebrew posts by 2,987 authors with at least five posts), typographic dashes appear in 3.1% of posts and the template in 0.7%. Only one author in twenty uses dashes in more than 11% of their posts, and fewer than one in twenty uses the template at all.

11 published accounts exceed both thresholds (at least 15 Hebrew posts, typographic dashes in at least 15% and the template in at least 6%). They include @J_Eliyahu (Section 7), @Musa35m85, @ArgamanEvelyn, @Ivandray50 (Iranian app) and @Lili62M (reply cannon). Israelis also draft posts with AI tools, so the indicator marks assisted production rather than foreign origin on its own. It carries weight because it recurs inside a network whose members share text and infrastructure.

5.3 Keyboard artefacts

Arabic or Persian letters inside Hebrew words, or Arabic punctuation in Hebrew sentences, appear in 28 published accounts. These artefacts are produced when an operator types on a device set up for Arabic or Persian. @Noa2001n writes "وכולנו" with the Arabic و in place of the Hebrew ו; the Iranian personas in Section 3.8 close Hebrew sentences with the Arabic question mark.

A correction to September. The " .. " separator was treated in September as an Arabic typing habit of Cluster B. The October baseline does not support that reading on its own: the separator appears in 5.3% of posts in the general Hebrew election conversation, and one author in ten uses it in at least 20% of their posts. It is now counted only at extreme rates (at least 40% of an account's Hebrew posts, the top 5% of authors) and with the lowest weight. 17 published accounts meet that bar, and none is listed on the strength of it.

6. Amplification: borrowed reach and reply seeding

The operation does not build audiences; it borrows them. Its personas are small, and their content travels through two channels: genuine Israeli users who republish emotionally charged posts without knowing their origin, and a ring of foreign-operated accounts that retweet one another in step.

6.1 Who carries the content

Figure 4. Distinct retweeters of the main network accounts, 11 August to 11 October 2026, by X's location label. Most of the core personas' amplifiers are located in Israel; the overt Iranian outlets draw a different audience.

Figure 4. Distinct retweeters of the main network accounts, 11 August to 11 October 2026, by X's location label. Most of the core personas' amplifiers are located in Israel; the overt Iranian outlets draw a different audience.

Most of the core personas' retweeters are located in Israel: genuine users who carry the content without knowing its origin, counted in the dataset's metadata but not named. The layer of interest sits among them. 34 published accounts amplify two or more network personas, among them Hebrew names and Israeli locations over Saudi, Egyptian and Turkish infrastructure.

Exhibit 26. Left: @eilanmm (Hebrew name, declared location Tel Aviv) amplifies five network personas: joined July 2025, based in Saudi Arabia, two username changes, Saudi Arabia Android App. Right: @YuvalYitzhk5p2k ('Yitzhak Yuval', declared location Israel), an amplifier of the persona network: joined July 2026, based in Egypt, one username change.

Account

Display name

Created

X: based in / app

Tier

Main indicators

@Musa35m85

משה

2026-01

West Asia / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; Arabic script inside Hebrew; created 2026

@DaveActNow

Dave Acting Now🏴🚨🏴🚨

2011-02

Israel / Israel Android

T1

classified in September; published a persona's sentence; amplifies 2+ personas

@eilanmm

אליאן מ.מ.

2025-07

Saudi Arabia / Saudi Arabia Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; amplifies 4+ personas

@Noa2001n

נועה

2025-04

West Asia / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; Arabic script inside Hebrew; amplifies 2+ personas

@miriamkozakk

מרים קוזק

2020-11

Europe / Europe Android

T1

classified in September; amplifies 4+ personas; self-retweet bursts

@wh766373893688

שושה

2023-10

Israel / Israel Android

T1

classified in September; amplifies 4+ personas; synchronised retweets

@Raya45660356

Raya

2022-10

Israel / Israel Android

T1

classified in September; amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting

@Dashaxnepe

Dasha

2026-08

United States / Italy Android

T1

classified in September; created since Aug 2026; amplifies 2+ personas

@MrkzB8185

מרכז ליכוד לשעבר

2025-12

Israel / Israel iOS

T1

classified in September; amplifies 2+ personas; synchronised retweets

@bn_hn88218

תעוז אבן חן

2025-11

Israel / Israel Android

T1

classified in September; synchronised retweets; amplifies 2+ personas

@Aron772797

Aron

2025-12

Egypt / Egypt Android

T1

classified in September; amplifies 2+ personas; synchronised retweets

@KishMinTuches

YUVAL LESHEM MBA |Anti Regim

2008-12

Israel / Web

T1

shared text with personas; amplifies 2+ personas; mutual follows with personas

@yahircain

Yahir

2019-02

West Asia / West Asia Android

T2

amplifies 2+ personas; mutual follows with personas; mutual with new personas

@veyafa_shaa

Working Class Hero 🟦

2018-02

Israel / Israel Android

T2

amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting; mutual follows with personas

@tarekdqgj

tarek

2026-06

Israel / Israel Android

T2

created 2026; amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting

@GilaNeria88797

Gila Neria

2025-08

Israel / Israel Android

T2

amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting

@Benno197

Benny

2021-11

Israel / Israel iOS

T2

amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting; multiple renames

@YarivA8

Yariv 🏴‍☠️

2021-10

Israel / Israel Android

T3

amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting; synchronised retweets

@ezec842

איזי כהן נבארו—אֶרֶץ אֹכֶלֶת

2014-06

Israel / Israel Android

T3

amplifies 2+ personas; machine-assisted Hebrew; mutual follows with personas

@ChilsonCyril

Dr Cyril Chilson 🇬🇧 🟣🎗️

2020-07

United Kingdom / United Kingdom iOS

T3

amplifies 2+ personas; self-retweet bursts; mutual follows with personas

@Maytal_203040

Maytal🎗️

2023-02

Israel / Israel iOS

T3

amplifies 2+ personas; mutual follows with personas; mutual with new personas

@KhadashotOlim

Наталья | Natalie

2022-11

Poland / Web

T3

amplifies 2+ personas; mutual follows with personas; multiple renames

@AlonaFriedman7

אלונה פרידמן

2023-02

Israel / Cyprus Android

T3

amplifies 2+ personas; synchronised retweets; mutual follows with personas

@hassin69

sharon hassin

2010-09

Israel / Israel iOS

T3

amplifies 2+ personas; synchronised retweets; mutual follows with personas

@oferdv6

עופר

2014-12

Israel / Israel Android

T3

amplifies 2+ personas; synchronised retweets; mutual follows with personas

@jhvQaicogKzhmFF

אסנת ברדה

2019-08

Israel / Israel iOS

T3

amplifies 2+ personas; mutual follows with personas

@5qncdo

جهير

2026-06

Saudi Arabia / Saudi Arabia Android

T3

created 2026; amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting

@Namtan394782860

Nam tan

2023-04

Israel / Israel Android

T4

amplifies 2+ personas

@natan41140299

🎗️🇮🇱 natee 🇮🇱 🎗️

2020-06

Israel / Israel iOS

T4

amplifies 2+ personas; synchronised retweets

@yafitelimelech1

Yafit

2023-07

Israel / Israel Android

T4

amplifies 2+ personas; self-retweet bursts; mutual follows with personas

@pokii1976

adrian

2026-07

Israel / Israel Android

T4

created 2026; amplifies 2+ personas

@nirealechem

Dov

2024-10

Israel / Israel iOS

T4

amplifies 2+ personas; synchronised retweets

@JustWake2023

citizen T

2021-06

Europe / Europe Android

T4

amplifies 2+ personas

@2UsHy7BgyPl85Zz

איילה קורקוס

2019-06

Israel / Israel Android

T4

synchronised retweets; amplifies 2+ personas

6.2 Shared amplifiers and synchronised retweeting

To examine coordinated amplification, retweeter analysis focused on 41 selected network accounts, including personas and Iranian Hebrew-language outlets. These were drawn from previously identified network accounts with available retweet activity since 11 August 2026, excluding known genuine accounts and major global outlets whose audiences were not representative of the network.

Across these 41 accounts, 213 users retweeted two or more, and 19 retweeted four or more. Across 1,131 posts and 1,508 amplifiers, 3,208 pairs of accounts retweeted three or more of the same posts, forming 12 communities. Of these, 52 pairs retweeted the same post within 60 seconds of each other on at least two occasions; 29 published accounts carry this synchronisation indicator. These patterns are consistent with coordinated amplification, although timing alone does not establish common control.

  • Self-amplification: 17 published accounts retweet their own posts in bursts (@J_Eliyahu, @EdenBoker_ and others).
  • High-volume retweet accounts: 75 published accounts post 40 or more items a day, at least 70% of them retweets. Volume alone never places an account in a tier; it counts together with account age and amplification of the network.
  • Reply bursts: 46 published accounts fire ten or more replies within ten minutes.

Figure 5. The persona network: published T1 and T2 accounts and the September anchors they connect to. Node colour shows the cluster; red dashed lines mark shared text.

Figure 5. The persona network: published T1 and T2 accounts and the September anchors they connect to. Node colour shows the cluster; red dashed lines mark shared text.

6.3 Small, cheap and reply-driven

The published accounts are not influencers. The median account has 14 followers; 540 of 694 have fewer than 100. Where activity was measured, 317 of 658 accounts post mainly replies. The operating method is reply seeding: personas such as @Musa35m85, @J_Eliyahu, @VSeaberg61374 and @E_katrina_s place their messages under politicians, journalists and popular accounts, where Israeli readers meet them inside a conversation they already follow. Accounts of this kind cost nothing to make, are replaced when suspended, and succeed when a single reply is picked up by a genuine account with reach.

X's recommendation algorithm considers replies, reposts and other engagement signals when ranking content, allowing visibility to extend beyond an account's followers. This makes the observed reply-seeding and coordinated amplification architecture particularly effective: hundreds of low-follower personas insert narratives into established conversations, potentially gaining exposure through influential accounts and algorithmic recommendations. The network exploits existing audiences rather than building its own, achieving potential reach at low operational cost.

7. The Turkey thread: @J_Eliyahu and Turkey-based Hebrew personas

An Israeli security briefing in July 2026 warned that Turkey was trying to influence the election through social media; no accounts or indicators were published. The case below attributes nothing to the Turkish state. It documents a Hebrew Israeli persona that X places in Turkey and that operates inside the September network's amplification circle.

7.1 The persona

"Yonatan Eliyahu" (@J_Eliyahu, stable ID 2033702518275051520) presents as a Tel Aviv-born man, born in 1992, a communications graduate of Tel Aviv University "observing the transitions between personal observation and the public gaze". The declared location is "Turkey - Israel". The account was created on 17 March 2026 at 00:30 UTC. X records two username changes, the last in late July 2026, places the account in Turkey (marked accurate) and shows it connecting through the Turkey Android App. It had 27 followers on 11 October. Residence in Turkey is not, on its own, evidence of a fake identity; the account is notable for its behaviour.

Exhibit 27. Left: @J_Eliyahu's X transparency panel on 11 October 2026: joined March 2026, based in Turkey, two username changes (last July 2026), connected via the Turkey Android App. Right: 7 October 2026, 20:09 UTC: "Before I fall asleep [feminine]: Bibi Netanyahu is a pathetic rag...". The account presents as a man.

7.2 Five behavioural markers

Taken together, the five markers describe a managed persona.

  1. Self-amplification in bursts. Of the 430 items on its timeline since 11 August, 176 are retweets of its own posts and replies, released in bursts. On 13 August it retweeted 15 of its own replies between 01:17 and 01:18 UTC. The core personas @EdenBoker_ and @Raamihadad1985 showed the same habit in September. Of the 161 retweets its posts received in the same period, 142 were its own.
  2. A gender slip. On 7 October it opened a post with "לפני שאני נרדמת", "before I fall asleep", in the feminine form, and retweeted the post on 10 October. Elsewhere it writes in the masculine ("אני זוכר", "אני לא מסכים"). No earlier copy of the sentence exists on X, and its distinctive parts ("עטוף ברעל", "כוחו רק להשחית") appear only in this post: the text was written for this account by someone who did not keep its gender straight.
  3. Machine-assisted Hebrew. 46% of its Hebrew posts contain typographic dashes, and 19% use the contrastive template "not X - Y" ("הרמטכ"ל בלי מדים? זה לא סגנון – זה מסר"). In the general Hebrew election conversation the rates are 3% and 0.7%, and at least 95% of authors never use the template. The closest match in the network is the September core persona @Musa35m85 (36% and 18%).
  4. Non-native constructions. "זו הביצועים שלך" (feminine singular demonstrative with a masculine plural noun) and person agreement switching inside one sentence ("שהפכת... שהחליש... שהפקיר").
  5. Fed by a core persona. The September persona Miriam Kozak retweeted @J_Eliyahu eight times between 22 August and 10 October, often in pairs seconds apart: two posts within 35 seconds on 22 August and two within 22 seconds on 5 October. @J_Eliyahu returned the favour on 28 September. An 18,700-follower persona boosting a 27-follower account in paired bursts is the feeder pattern documented in September with @EapinozaDaniel. @J_Eliyahu also places replies under Itamar Ben-Gvir, Meirav Cohen, Amir Shperling and other prominent accounts, the reply-seeding method documented for @Musa35m85.

Exhibit 28. Left: 10 October 2026: @J_Eliyahu's video post on Ben-Gvir, Smotrich and the hostages (2 reposts, 368 views; time shown in the browser's local time zone). Right: The post's only two reposts on 11 October: a core persona of the September network and @J_Eliyahu itself.

Figure 6. @J_Eliyahu, 11 August to 11 October 2026: own posts and replies (dark grey) and retweets of its own posts (red) per day.

Figure 6. @J_Eliyahu, 11 August to 11 October 2026: own posts and replies (dark grey) and retweets of its own posts (red) per day.

לפני שאני נרדמת: ביבי נתניהו הוא סמרטוט עלוב, חולה, לוזר, עטוף ברעל. כוחו רק להשחית. איזה אסון הוא הביא עלינו במו ידיו, בטיפשות ובחוסר שיקול דעת. לך!

“Before I fall asleep [feminine]: Bibi Netanyahu is a pathetic rag, sick, a loser, wrapped in poison. His only power is to corrupt. What a disaster he brought on us with his own hands, through stupidity and lack of judgement. Go!”

@J_Eliyahu, 7 October 2026, 20:09 UTC (self-retweeted 10 October)

Assessment. @J_Eliyahu is a managed persona operated from Turkey and coordinated with the September network: high confidence on inauthentic persona management, medium-high on coordination. It is fed by a core persona in the documented feeder pattern, and its stylistic fingerprint matches the core persona @Musa35m85. The open data do not establish who operates it or whether any state directs it.

EVIDENCE 1: @J_Eliyahu: transparency panel and the feminine slip

@J_Eliyahu: transparency panel and the feminine slip

@J_Eliyahu: transparency panel and the feminine slip

X's "About this account" panel for @J_Eliyahu (based in Turkey, Turkey Android App, two username changes) and its 7 October post opening with the feminine "לפני שאני נרדמת". The core persona's retweets of the account are recorded with second-level timestamps (22 Aug 07:02:58 and 07:03:33; 5 Oct 10:23:14 and 10:23:36; 10 Oct 16:58:04 UTC).

Sources: x.com/J_Eliyahu/about | x.com/J_Eliyahu/status/2107926201729777727 | x.com/J_Eliyahu/status/2108903232307155233 | x.com/J_Eliyahu/status/2108903232307155233/retweets | x.com/J_Eliyahu/status/2091030027106156811

7.3 Other Turkey-based Hebrew personas

Applying the same indicators across the graph, 17 published Israel-facing Hebrew accounts are located in Turkey. 10 of them reach T1. The others are listed for a Turkish location combined with links to the network, without @J_Eliyahu's behavioural markers, and are leads. Openly Turkish users who write about Israel but do not post in Hebrew or present as Israelis were not listed.

Account

Display name

Created

X: based in / app

Tier

Main indicators

@NylyZR

נילי עזר

2025-06

Turkey / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Hebrew persona in Turkey; June 2025 hashtag kit

@libicohenone

libi cohen

2025-06

Turkey / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Hebrew persona in Turkey; June 2025 hashtag kit

@J_Eliyahu

יונתן אליהו

2026-03

Turkey / Turkey Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; classified in September; created 2026

@eli_peled1993

אלי פלד (Eli Peled)

2025-06

Turkey / Turkey iOS

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@idoperetz1313

עידו פרץ

2025-06

Turkey / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Hebrew persona in Turkey; June 2025 hashtag kit

@LiyWor971

לִיאוֹר

2025-06

Turkey / United States iOS

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@_nadavlevii

נדב הלוי

2025-06

Turkey / Turkey iOS

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@slw_yanai1995

ימית שלו

2025-06

Turkey / Turkey Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@DmYlwn7784

‎אדם אילון

2025-06

Turkey / Turkey iOS

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@glrpl132519

גל רפאל

2025-06

Turkey / Turkey Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity

@sypjk

עבדאללה

2026-06

Turkey / Turkey Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Turkey; created 2026; mutual follows with personas

@lelesery

lele||ללה 🇮🇱

2023-06

Turkey / Iraq Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Turkey; mutual with new personas

@dilges_2113

Dragon-דילגש✹𓃵

2024-05

Turkey / Turkey Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Turkey

@ozrekihsan9

Alexander Sztendel

2015-11

Turkey / Web

T2

Hebrew persona in Turkey

@EitanMizrahi11

🇮🇱איתן מזרחי🇮🇱

2025-06

Turkey / Turkey Android

T3

tied to Iran-app personas; non-native Hebrew; mutual with new personas

@burd7247

אנאל

2025-09

Turkey / Turkey iOS

T3

Hebrew persona in Turkey; non-native Hebrew

@kolisraelmedia

קול ישראל / İsrail'den Haber

2020-03

Turkey / Turkey iOS

T3

Hebrew persona in Turkey; multiple renames

Turkey's state broadcaster also addresses Israelis directly. Its Hebrew service, TRT עברית (@TRTHebrew, 3,258 followers, located in Turkey), posts regularly in the Hebrew election conversation. It is an overt state outlet and is listed in the reference list, not as a persona.

8. What the network is saying in the final fortnight

Narrative analysis covered 807 accounts subjected to automated content labelling, based on their profiles and collected posts. This broader analytical pool included 690 accounts from the published dataset and 117 additional accounts subsequently excluded or reclassified during attribution assessment. Accordingly, the narrative frequencies presented in this section describe the wider labelled sample, not exclusively the 694 accounts in the published network dataset.

Content labels give the narrative profile of every labelled account (807 accounts). The six-pillar content model documented in September is intact: 7 October as the "Netanyahu massacre", treason and Qatari money, Haredi exemptions, war for political survival, collapse and emigration, and the countdown to 27 October. The call to vote Netanyahu out is explicit in more than half of the labelled accounts. The operation is not neutral about the outcome; it is built to move it.

Narrative (content labels)

Accounts

Share of labelled accounts

War prolonged for political survival

450

56%

Explicit call to vote him out

407

50%

Netanyahu traitor / corrupt

342

42%

Iran strong, Israel weak

228

28%

Anti-Israel / antisemitic

151

19%

Overtly pro-Iran

150

19%

Collapse and emigration

143

18%

Judiciary and democracy

137

17%

Other

135

17%

Hostages abandoned

113

14%

7 October as betrayal / 'Netanyahu massacre'

105

13%

Haredi draft and unequal burden

102

13%

Non-political

79

10%

Cost of living

78

10%

Figure 7. Narratives by cluster (content labels, percentage of labelled accounts in each cluster).

Figure 7. Narratives by cluster (content labels, percentage of labelled accounts in each cluster).

8.1 Volume of the signature phrases since 22 September

Phrase (Hebrew unless noted)

Posts

"טבח נתניהו" (the Netanyahu massacre), since 22 Sep

at least 1,000

"ממשלת הטבח" (the massacre government), since 22 Sep

at least 900

"מזוודות דולרים" (suitcases of dollars), since 11 Aug

at least 299

"סוכן קטארי" (Qatari agent), since 11 Aug

at least 300

Qatargate, since 22 Sep

473

"הפקיר את החטופים" (abandoned the hostages), since 22 Sep

at least 400

"ממשלת החורבן" (the government of destruction), since 22 Sep

at least 400

Election will be postponed, since 22 Sep

199

Election will be rigged, since 22 Sep

22

War before the election, since 22 Sep

33

Arabic: Knesset election, since 22 Sep

280

Arabic: Netanyahu and the election, since 22 Sep

at least 500

Persian: Israeli election, since 22 Sep

at least 300

Counts marked 'at least' are lower bounds. These phrases are used by many genuine Israelis, including Knesset members; the counts show how widespread they are, not the network's output. What distinguishes the personas is the combination: foreign-located accounts speaking as Israelis, pushing the same phrases in synchrony, and turning them into the claim that a defeat for one camp would mean a rigged or postponed election.

8.2 Language profile

Of the 807 labelled accounts, 306 are inauthentic personas on the content alone and 308 are suspicious; 84 read as genuine individuals and were capped or excluded accordingly. Hebrew nativeness is measurable for 453 of them: 51 native, 255 near-native, 130 non-native and 17 machine-translated. 58 accounts switch grammatical gender in first-person Hebrew, the signature of text written for a persona rather than by one. The labels add quoted language errors and gender evidence; the indicators add platform data and network position. They agree in direction.

Figure 8. Hebrew nativeness by cluster (content labels).

Figure 8. Hebrew nativeness by cluster (content labels).

9. The dataset

The accompanying JSON file lists 694 accounts: T1 336, T2 109, T3 179, T4 70. Each record carries the stable account ID, the handle, profile fields, X's transparency record, a location assessment, every indicator with its family, weight and evidence, network links, shared-text matches with links to both posts, activity statistics, content labels with quoted evidence, and the tier with its definition. CSV and XLSX editions carry the same rows, and the CSV edition is published on Hugging Face.

Figure 9. Published accounts by cluster and confidence tier.

Figure 9. Published accounts by cluster and confidence tier.

Cluster

Accounts

Iran-linked Israeli personas without an Iranian X label

180

Iran-operated Israeli personas (new)

142

Arab-world Hebrew personas

84

High-volume amplifiers of the network

56

Iran-based accounts engaging with the network

31

Hebrew personas in no-diaspora countries

26

Iran-based amplifiers of Iranian Hebrew outlets

26

Hijacked or commercial accounts (original owners may be victims)

18

Other anomalous accounts

17

Cluster B writers

14

Hebrew personas with third-country app builds

14

Shared-text (copy) accounts

12

Core persona cell

11

Multi-persona amplifiers

10

Synchronised amplifiers

10

Iran-app ring

8

Throw-away amplifiers

8

Turkey-based Hebrew personas

6

Iranian-outlet audience

5

Iran-adjacent amplifiers

4

Not listed individually: 2,169 context accounts (Iranian users in the social graph of the personas) and 3,463 accounts whose only signals are amplification or follows, counted as genuine amplifiers. Iranian state media, officials, openly Iranian Hebrew-language accounts and Iran-run Hebrew channels (51 accounts) appear in a separate reference list.

Figure 10. Account creation month of published accounts (T1 to T3) compared with accounts counted as genuine amplifiers.

Figure 10. Account creation month of published accounts (T1 to T3) compared with accounts counted as genuine amplifiers.

10. Attribution and confidence

Proposition

Basis

Confidence

The September persona network is operating in the final weeks of the campaign

Almost every account is active and publishing; the shared text library keeps growing; the core personas were active in the week before 11 October

High

Israeli-presenting Hebrew accounts are operated from Iran

X's own location and app-build records for the accounts in Section 3, combined with Hebrew Israeli self-presentation, Persian keyboard artefacts and Persian registration names

High

The Iran-linked Hebrew personas around the reported accounts are one centrally managed apparatus

Creation in batches on the same days, several accounts per Israeli identity, one wartime hashtag kit, identical messages minutes apart, shared IRGC media, a coordinated Arabic switch on 23 June 2025 (Sections 3.4-3.9)

High

Hebrew personas are operated from the Arab world, Turkey and other countries without an Israeli diaspora

Platform labels, strengthened where shared text, keyboard artefacts or synchronisation converge

High (T1) to medium (T3)

@J_Eliyahu is a managed persona inside the September network

Self-amplification bursts, gender slip, machine-assisted style shared with a core persona, paired amplification by a core persona

High for inauthenticity; medium-high for coordination

The Turkish state directs @J_Eliyahu or the Turkey-based personas

Not established

Not assessed

One Iranian institution directs every published account

Not established: the network combines personas, throwaway amplifiers, Iranian domestic users and genuine Israelis

Not assessed

The activity changed votes or the result

Not measurable with open data

Not assessed

10.1 Alternative explanations, tested

  • Israelis abroad using VPNs. This explains a foreign location label. It does not explain an Iranian app build, Arabic letters typed inside Hebrew words, shared text libraries, batch creation on 17 June 2025 or coordinated renaming. Accounts whose only anomaly was location, with no link to the network, were not placed above T3. Locations in the UAE, Bahrain and Morocco, and Israeli app builds used abroad, were weighted as consistent with genuine Israelis.
  • Genuine activists copying each other. Common among Israeli opposition activists, so shared text with non-persona accounts was down-weighted. The library counted in Section 5 is limited to persona-to-persona matches, and direction is enforced: an account counts as a copier only if it published after a persona.
  • Domestic political operations. Coordinated domestic activity exists on both sides of Israeli politics. It is outside this report's scope unless it presents foreign-operation indicators.
  • Commercial spam and hijacked accounts. A minority of foreign-located accounts behave like spam or were taken over; they are flagged in the dataset and capped at the lowest tier.

11. Implications for 27 October

The network is positioned for the final fortnight. Its assets are aged enough to look ordinary, numerous enough to absorb suspensions, and connected enough to reach real audiences. Its messages are already framed for the day after: a defeat for the change bloc would mean fraud or a manufactured war; a defeat for Netanyahu would be the victory over 'treason'. The personas do not need to persuade anyone to vote for a party. They need to deepen distrust in the process itself, and they hold reserve identities for the moment that matters most.

Conclusion

This investigation reveals a large-scale, persistent and deliberately structured foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI) operation targeting Israeli public discourse. Golden Owl documented a coordinated network of at least 694 accounts, including 445 attributed to the Iranian-linked operation with high or medium-high confidence. Of these, 623 were outside the network documented in September, demonstrating the substantially greater scale of the operation.

The evidence reveals an organised architecture of fabricated Israeli identities, accounts created in coordinated batches, replicated personas, shared narratives and synchronised amplification. Its distinctive feature is not the prominence of individual accounts, but the collective capacity of hundreds of low-visibility identities to infiltrate authentic conversations, borrow established audiences and circulate coordinated messages as apparently independent Israeli opinions. During the research period alone, collected network posts recorded at least 4.7 million views and 160,663 interactions, demonstrating substantial visibility despite the limited individual audiences of most accounts.

The operation exploits existing political and societal divisions, particularly concerning the war, national leadership, security, hostages and democratic institutions. Its assessed strategic purpose extends beyond support for or opposition to any particular candidate: to manipulate perceptions of domestic opinion, intensify polarisation and undermine public trust from within the Israeli information environment. The findings establish deceptive coordination and measurable exposure, although they do not independently demonstrate changes in voter behaviour or electoral outcomes.

The central conclusion is that FIMI effectiveness cannot be assessed solely by the number of influential accounts or the visibility of overt foreign narratives. Distributed impersonation, coordinated engagement and the exploitation of platform recommendation mechanisms enable relatively small, replaceable accounts to form a persistent influence infrastructure. By documenting this architecture and publishing account-level evidence with differentiated confidence assessments, the investigation provides a verifiable basis for identifying, examining and responding to such operations.

Appendix A: High-confidence accounts (T1)

Account

Display name

Created

X: based in / app

Tier

Main indicators

@shahan59510

שמואל גולדשטיין

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@NylyZR

נילי עזר

2025-06

Turkey / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Hebrew persona in Turkey; June 2025 hashtag kit

@HSG1997israel

שירה גולן

2021-04

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@Fatemeh82770

נועה לוי

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@TomLevanon1993

תום לבנון

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@yamit_army

ימית שלו

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@Ivandray50

ایوان درعي _ איוואן דראי _ I

2026-08

Finland / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@luckyariel93

אֲרִיאֵל לֵוִי

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@ZrNyly82366

נילי עזר

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; copy of another persona's identity

@dm_ylwn83425

אדם אילון

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@TommySh7671

Tommy Shelby (טומי שלבי)

2022-07

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@BrndGpn52124

גפן ברנד

2025-06

France / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Eliana526388706

Eliana

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit

@gwldh48971

גליה רז

2025-12

Europe / North Africa Android

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; third-country app build

@redline123z

קו אדום

2026-06

Lebanon / Lebanon Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; shared text with personas

@israyNynh85885

נינה לביא

2025-06

Canada / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@yaacouv24

Yaer Yaacouv

2025-12

North Africa / West Asia Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; shared text with personas

@Noalevy0426

נועם לוי

2025-11

North Africa / North Africa Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; shared text with personas

@vabhzn

yvab.hzn

2026-02

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@ArgamanEvelyn

אוולין ארגמן 💙🎗

2025-11

West Asia / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; published a persona's sentence

@TomShalev121

תום שלו

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@libicohenone

libi cohen

2025-06

Turkey / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Hebrew persona in Turkey; June 2025 hashtag kit

@J_Eliyahu

יונתן אליהו

2026-03

Turkey / Turkey Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; classified in September; created 2026

@TomLevanon_

תום לבנון (Tom Levanon)

2025-06

Afghanistan / Afghanistan Android

T1

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@eli_peled1993

אלי פלד (Eli Peled)

2025-06

Turkey / Turkey iOS

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@NinaL29416

. נינה לביא (Nina Lavi)

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Arabic script inside Hebrew; copy of another persona's identity

@azhrh297606

אַזהָרָה

2024-07

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; mutual with new personas

@idoperetz1313

עידו פרץ

2025-06

Turkey / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Hebrew persona in Turkey; June 2025 hashtag kit

@Tom1994Levanon

Sarah

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@AMAJ_JUDAH

🎗טליה🎗משמר אריה יהודה🦁

2025-07

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@MyqhZ68913

מיקה זהבי

2025-06

Hong Kong / Turkey iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; third-country app build; June 2025 hashtag kit

@gpn75803

גפן ברנד

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@prz_ydw22732

עידו פרץ

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@heeejokera_j1ng

Teddy Daniels

2026-05

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September; created 2026

@DavidBenYishaii

דוד בן ישי

2025-06

Iran / Web

T1

based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@SlwTwm54688

תום שלו

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Zoharadamm

תום לבנון

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@yamitshalev0

ימית שלו

2025-06

Iraq / Iraq Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity

@YuvalYitzhk5p2k

יצחק יובל

2026-07

Egypt / Web

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; shared text with personas

@dwid562953

דָּוִד

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@ghafari_mo13408

Yamit Shalev. ימית שלו

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@Carooll48629556

Carooll

2021-10

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@omristernnn

עמרי שטרן

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@hadas_1996

רפאל נבון

2025-06

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@mayasegev_1996

מיה שגב

2025-06

Czech Republic / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Noam_Behar3003

נועם בכר

2025-06

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@KeminMari95505

Mari Kemin

2026-03

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September; created 2026

@Harpatqan

majarajo2

2025-09

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September; multiple renames

@Rafanavon

רפאל נבון (Rafael Navon)

2024-10

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@tom_shalev20

תום שלו

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@twmlbnwn067

‎ תום לבנון

2025-06

Iran / United States iOS

T1

based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@abedy_mehr47491

אַרְיֵה

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@109Monzavi

רפאל נבון

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@LibiCohen31

Libi Cohen

2025-06

Germany / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Adam_123498

אדם אילון

2018-03

Sweden / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@yairmani1990

יאיר מני

2025-06

Germany / Iraq iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; third-country app build; June 2025 hashtag kit

@Musa35m85

משה

2026-01

West Asia / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; Arabic script inside Hebrew; created 2026

@MaisMht85126

יובל - אברמוב❤️⚘️

2026-01

Europe / North Africa Android

T1

classified in September; third-country app build; created 2026

@DaveActNow

Dave Acting Now🏴🚨🏴🚨

2011-02

Israel / Israel Android

T1

classified in September; published a persona's sentence; amplifies 2+ personas

@ysrlys6

נאה איסרליש

2024-10

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran; mutual with new personas

@dhn6877

ליאן דהן

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@mikameli11

מיכמלי

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@MMoradi95601

לבנון (Tom Levanon

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@DrwrZmyr62973

דרור זמיר

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@67RafaelNavon

רפאל נבון

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@hbh648767775506

אהבה אבן

2025-09

West Asia / Africa iOS

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; third-country app build

@HerwtLherwt

ליבי נחמני

2026-01

West Asia / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@AvrahamiDa13508

David Avrahami

2025-07

Europe / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; mutual follows with personas

@GavrielAlon1986

GAVREIL(גַּבְרִיאֵל)

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@Skylark4030

דרור זמיר (Dror Zamir

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@EitanMalach

אֵיתָן מַלְאָךְ

2025-06

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@ShahoShokr31651

נילי עזר

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@TamarShachar

תמר שחר

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran

@eilanmm

אליאן מ.מ.

2025-07

Saudi Arabia / Saudi Arabia Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; amplifies 4+ personas

@BenhayonDe40527

דייוויד אלברג אל-שמל

2025-11

Morocco / Morocco Android

T1

classified in September; Hebrew persona in UAE/Bahrain/Morocco; non-native Hebrew

@nwa159513

נוֹחַ

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@GbYlwn69903

שירה

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; gender inconsistency

@RafaelNavvon

רפאל נבון

2024-05

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@milla66tamar

מילה

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; multiple renames

@tlmqr1990

טלסי מקאר

2026-07

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September; created 2026

@israusa1989

תום לבנון

2020-08

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Arabic script inside Hebrew; copy of another persona's identity

@DmYlwn6457

אדם אילון

2025-06

Finland / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@netahadari95

🇮🇱נטע הדרי

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@adamilanor72511

Adam ilanor

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit

@WmrKz36792

עומר כץ

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@LevanonThomas

תום לבנון-Thomas Levanon

2025-06

Finland / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@LiyWor971

לִיאוֹר

2025-06

Turkey / United States iOS

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@LynwrR79291

אלינור רום

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@DgnYh45890p

מאיה דגן

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@AdamIlon80

אדם אילון

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@mardeankabooti

אלון שטראוס

2019-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@NetaKohav

נטע כוכב

2026-06

North Africa / North Africa Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; shared text with personas; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@LioraNetanyahu

לִיאוֹרָה נְתַנְיָהוּ

2025-06

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@Noa_Eliyaho_

נעה־אליהו

2025-06

Sweden / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; gender inconsistency

@Edenlavii

Eden lavi

2025-06

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; gender inconsistency

@noya1811

נויה הדר

2025-06

Sweden / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; gender inconsistency

@l_wry2894

אוריאל לוי-בר

2025-06

Finland / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@elinorcohenl

אלינור כהן

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@ZmyrDrwr57113

דרור זמיר

2025-06

Estonia / Estonia Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@_nadavlevii

נדב הלוי

2025-06

Turkey / Turkey iOS

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@ymyt62000

ימית שלו

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Noam1992B

נועם בכר

2025-06

United States / France Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@slw_yanai1995

ימית שלו

2025-06

Turkey / Turkey Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@DmYlwn7784

‎אדם אילון

2025-06

Turkey / Turkey iOS

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@rh_ly10319

יערה צוריאלי

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Malishalev

Mali Shalev שלו מלי

2026-07

United States / Web

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; created 2026

@nbl255871565775

آنابل

2025-12

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; classified in September

@idmyokhdi

Or Yisha

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@Eitan_1999

איתן

2025-06

Finland / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@nyly_zr15073

נילי עזר

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; mutual with new personas

@DmYlwn57582

אדם אילון

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@Levy200050

אנה להפסיד

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@liambenyamin

ליאם בנימין

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@LwyNw33475

נועה כהן

2025-06

Germany / Turkey iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; third-country app build; non-native Hebrew

@Rafael31333

רפאל נבון

2025-06

Germany / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@EapinozaDaniel

דניאל

2014-05

United States / United States iOS

T1

classified in September; self-retweet bursts; gender inconsistency

@WYylwn41269

אורית אלוני

2025-10

Europe / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; published a persona's sentence

@softco661

יאיר מני

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; ' .. ' separator

@ArtaHirad95365

אלי פלד

2025-06

Europe / West Asia Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@GwlnSyrh59984

שירה גולן

2025-06

Switzerland / Netherlands iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@lbnwn_twm78619

תום לבנון

2025-06

Germany / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; Arabic script inside Hebrew; copy of another persona's identity

@ZmyrDrwr6852

דרור זמיר

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@LeAmiy65024

לֵאוֹרָה בֶּן־עַמִּי

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@polinaRamannova

Полина Романова פולינה רומנו

2026-06

United States / Web

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; created 2026

@mws1499826

מוסא

2024-07

Yemen / Yemen Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@hbh71505

אביבה אביב

2026-03

North Africa / North Africa Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; its text relayed by personas; created 2026

@NetanyahUnseen

🎭 Benjamin Netanyahu 🎭

2026-02

Iran / Web

T1

based in Iran; Arabic script inside Hebrew; created 2026

@haiimab2001

חיים אב

2024-11

Iran / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; based in Iran

@NiliEzerr

Nili Ezer

2025-06

France / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@Tzurieli1122

יערה צוריאלי

2020-08

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@dearleora

Leora

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; gender inconsistency

@lbnwn_twm73649

תום לבנון

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@BnymynQrny46021

בנימין קרני

2025-06

Bulgaria / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@mry21170

עמרי שטרן

2025-06

Germany / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@lbnwn_twm88439

תום לבנון

2025-06

Belgium / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Omz_ktz

עומר כץ

2025-06

United Arab Emirates / United Arab Emirates Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; Hebrew persona in UAE/Bahrain/Morocco

@KhrsndYara38713

זוהר יעקובי (Zohar Yaakobi)

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@downwithisrael_

לירון מזרחי

2025-06

Germany / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@NbwnRp99225

רפאל נבון

2025-06

United States / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@NiliEzerOficial

נילי עזר

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@E_katrina_s

Екатерина Смирнова

2026-04

Europe / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; created 2026

@Michael53du_X

Michael🇮🇱

2026-03

West Asia / Web

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; created 2026

@Noa2001n

נועה

2025-04

West Asia / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; Arabic script inside Hebrew; amplifies 2+ personas

@miriamkozakk

מרים קוזק

2020-11

Europe / Europe Android

T1

classified in September; amplifies 4+ personas; self-retweet bursts

@Lili62M

Lili62M

2026-05

Romania / Ukraine Android

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; created 2026

@AviLevi67

Avi Levi

2025-06

Egypt / Web

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; multiple renames

@e4ll8a

אלה אילני

2025-07

North Africa / North Africa Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September

@wh766373893688

שושה

2023-10

Israel / Israel Android

T1

classified in September; amplifies 4+ personas; synchronised retweets

@tl__9800

טלBeer

2026-08

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Arabic script inside Hebrew; created since Aug 2026

@ZmyrDrwr64216

דרור זמיר

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; mutual with new personas

@LbyNynh45121

נינה לביא

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@TamarBatYisrael

תמר בת ישראל

2025-06

Belgium / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@Amiinisrael

אמין

2025-06

France / France Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@Mikazhava

מיקה זהבי

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@Shiralevi6699

Shira levi

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@AmelaiaPrance

אמיליה פרנס

2026-06

United States / Web

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; created 2026

@MBynw96636

אבישג אבינועם

2025-06

Egypt / Egypt Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; shared text with personas; non-native Hebrew

@Rafaelroma136

RafaelN

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit

@Mohamma80063220

NILI EZER

2018-05

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@Adamianilonian

אדם אילון

2025-06

Finland / Finland iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@MyhSgb26162

מיה שגב

2025-06

France / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; synchronised retweets

@Rivka_Levi1989

רִבְקָה לֵוִי

2025-06

United Arab Emirates / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; Hebrew persona in UAE/Bahrain/Morocco

@DmYlwn1989

אדם אילון

2025-06

United Kingdom / United Kingdom Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Chopsticks_7_10

כתב🇮🇱🍅🤘🎗️

2025-03

Saudi Arabia / Saudi Arabia Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@AmitCohen96

Amit Cohen

2025-07

Yemen / Web

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@Raya45660356

Raya

2022-10

Israel / Israel Android

T1

classified in September; amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting

@Idan_barne

🟣idan🎗️

2025-07

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; non-native Hebrew; follows Iranian outlet

@myh_vv

מיה שגב

2025-06

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; gender inconsistency

@sadeghi9036

מיה שגב

2024-12

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; mutual with new personas

@yw18880

יואב מזרחי

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@liambenjamin40

ליאם בנימין

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@zax137979

🦁🇮🇱אֲרִיאֵל

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@eitanmor37036

Yonatan Keidar

2025-06

United States / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@GalRafaelll

גל רפאל

2025-06

United States / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@noalevi__

נועה

2025-06

Finland / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@glrpl1851761

גל רפאל

2025-06

Finland / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@AdamIlon28

אדם אילון

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@ella_kauf

אלה קאופמן

2026-07

West Asia / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; created 2026

@VSeaberg61374

Vanessa Seaberg

2026-05

Romania / Ukraine Android

T1

classified in September; Arabic script inside Hebrew; created 2026

@ytn82922

איתן יוסף@

2024-04

Egypt / Egypt Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@yvabprydmn

יואב

2026-02

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; created 2026; non-native Hebrew

@netahadari

נטע הדרי

2025-06

Iran / United States iOS

T1

based in Iran; copy of another persona's identity; mutual with new personas

@rp69700

רפאל נבון

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@cohenroni167

roni

2025-06

Finland / Finland Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@LynwrR61737

אלינור רום

2025-06

Finland / Finland iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@Amircohenn

עמיר כהן

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@AdvaAvisha4092

קרן פלג

2026-03

North Africa / North Africa Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; Arabic script inside Hebrew; created 2026

@marridalenno12

marrida lenno

2026-05

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; created 2026; mutual with new personas

@maziarsam

גל · צילום

2014-07

Singapore / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Arabic script inside Hebrew; non-native Hebrew

@YonatanSha48473

יונתן שלו

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; mutual with new personas; ' .. ' separator

@Jacoblevi1997

יַעֲקֹב לֵוִי

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit

@mama38039

תום לבנון

2024-04

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity

@Ramin37600Ramin

Ramin

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@StrnMry50491

עמרי שטרן

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@IamErfxn

Erf

2025-06

Poland / Poland iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; synchronised retweets

@riyl166406

אֲרִיאֵל

2025-06

Poland / Poland iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@Galrafael162766

Gal rafael גל רפאל

2025-06

Germany / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@Ayelet_Goren_

אילת גורן

2017-01

Netherlands / United States Android

T1

classified in September; self-retweet bursts; gender inconsistency

@levi_lubinsky

Levi Lubinsky

2024-12

North Africa / Web

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@Thearmy55518041

טל (פרידמן)

2026-02

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; created 2026; mutual with new personas

@tom16180Slw

תום שלו

2025-06

Germany / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@NiliEzer2025

נילי עזר

2025-06

United Kingdom / United Kingdom iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@mikazahavi1999

Mika Zahavi

2025-06

United States / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@DanaRosen4799

דנה רוזן (Dana Rosen)

2025-06

Iran / United States iOS

T1

based in Iran; mutual with new personas

@yaarashalev

Yaara 🇮🇱🎗

2012-11

North America / Web

T1

classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@Dashaxnepe

Dasha

2026-08

United States / Italy Android

T1

classified in September; created since Aug 2026; amplifies 2+ personas

@Ronenmichil

Ronen Michaeli 🎗️

2025-02

Egypt / Egypt Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; classified in September

@MrkzB8185

מרכז ליכוד לשעבר

2025-12

Israel / Israel iOS

T1

classified in September; amplifies 2+ personas; synchronised retweets

@uhjkkl63748

אדווה

2025-10

Egypt / Web

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; its text relayed by personas; mutual follows with personas

@EytanLewiy36366

✡️ אֵיתָן לֵוִי

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; mutual with new personas

@lbnwn1573

תום לבנון

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity

@miladdf05

לירון מזרחי

2024-07

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity

@drorzamir1986

גיא סהר

2025-06

Austria / Austria Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; synchronised retweets

@noam_iz

Noam Yitzhaki

2025-06

Netherlands / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@glrpl132519

גל רפאל

2025-06

Turkey / Turkey Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Turkey; tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity

@YonatanLevi1996

Yonatan Levi

2025-06

France / France Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@Twm59761Slw

תום שלו

2025-06

Finland / Finland iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; mutual with new personas

@BenZion_X

Idan Levi

2025-06

Canada / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity

@levronii

רוני לב

2025-06

Iran / United Kingdom iOS

T1

based in Iran; copy of another persona's identity; multiple renames

@DwdBn43162

דוד בן גוריון

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@mwmd735503

נועה

2025-06

France / France iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; gender inconsistency

@riyl196610

אֲרִיאֵל

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@orenavital_

אביטל אורן

2025-06

Germany / United Kingdom iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@YaelCohen782

Yael Cohen

2026-03

North Africa / West Asia Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; shared text with personas; its text relayed by personas

@theEzraLang

Ezra Lang

2025-06

Finland / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; synchronised retweets; mutual with new personas

@chaim8279

חַיִּים

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@Libiyt

ליבי כהן

2025-06

Germany / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@MyqhZ33553

מיקה זהבי

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; synchronised retweets

@Ella_Tzur

Ella Tzur

2025-06

Germany / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@LyPld16375

אלי פלד

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@LwyNw9629

נועם לוי

2025-06

United Kingdom / United Kingdom iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@bn_hn88218

תעוז אבן חן

2025-11

Israel / Israel Android

T1

classified in September; synchronised retweets; amplifies 2+ personas

@Tomish1189513

Tomish

2023-10

Israel / Israel iOS

T1

classified in September; high-volume retweeting; synchronised retweets

@Michal19Shapira

מיכל שפירא

2026-02

Europe / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; shared text with personas; created 2026

@David_coohen

David

2025-03

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; non-native Hebrew

@beni_harum

בנימין רוצח הילדים

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; mutual with new personas

@nw95157

נועם לוי

2025-06

Germany / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@Illyaheydar

איליה חיידר

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@kheybaryam

omer

2025-06

Cyprus / Cyprus iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@LyDhn3815

‎אלה צור

2025-06

Finland / Finland iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@danielkohen17

דניאל כהן

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@128Colonel7472

סמואל בלאק 🖤

2025-06

Japan / Japan Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@Naomilevil

נעמי לוי

2025-06

United Kingdom / United Kingdom Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@Ssss620485Aaaa

רפאל נבון

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@EdenBoker_

עדן

2013-03

Netherlands / Web

T1

classified in September; self-retweet bursts; machine-assisted Hebrew

@MayaNoa16577

מיה נוע

2025-01

Morocco / Morocco Android

T1

classified in September; Hebrew persona in UAE/Bahrain/Morocco

@sephiroth1369

sephiroth

2023-04

Iran / Germany Android

T1

based in Iran; non-native Hebrew; follows Iranian outlet

@sara_admir

לא לעושק, כן לרווחה

2025-03

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; multiple renames

@MShyling

יָאִיר כֹּהֵן

2022-12

United Kingdom / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; Arabic script inside Hebrew

@LianDahan69

ליאן דהן

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@sham10735

שִׁמְשׁוֹן 🇮🇱

2025-06

United States / United States Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@shamisagurin

ליאן דהן

2025-06

United States / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; gender inconsistency

@Adamlon84

אדם אילון

2025-06

United Kingdom / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@hbnry154918

ֵאָה בן ארי

2025-06

Poland / Poland iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@hwd_l96

הוד בר־לב

2025-06

Europe / West Asia Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@Stella241139286

Stella

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@NbwnRp1998

רפאל נבון

2025-06

United Kingdom / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; copy of another persona's identity

@ZoharYaakobi1

זוהר יעקובי

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@Aron772797

Aron

2025-12

Egypt / Egypt Android

T1

classified in September; amplifies 2+ personas; synchronised retweets

@Mikhail62692082

מיכאל

2023-12

Jordan / Jordan Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; Arabic script inside Hebrew; non-native Hebrew

@jhg50379

הפלג המערבי

2024-09

Iran / Cyprus Android

T1

based in Iran; mutual with new personas

@yqb1126775

יעקב

2024-10

Iran / Cyprus Android

T1

based in Iran; mutual with new personas

@NoamLV333

נוֹעַם לֵוִי

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; non-native Hebrew

@YamitShalev00

ימית שלו

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@YaIyr71302

יָאִיר

2025-06

Netherlands / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@NinaL97619

Nina lavi

2025-06

United States / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; mutual with new personas

@TomerAlon09

תומר אלון

2026-01

West Asia / Web

T1

classified in September; created 2026; non-native Hebrew

@Yara141516

🦋⚔️ 𓆩 𝐘 𝐀 𝐑 𝐀 𝐒 𝐇 𝐑 𝐎 𝐍 𓆪 ⚔️

2026-06

Morocco / Web

T1

classified in September; created 2026

@mega_night123

simone

2025-06

Bulgaria / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@ZmyDve

דוד זמיר

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@TaliaBarShalom

טליה בר שלום 🌟

2025-06

Poland / Poland Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; gender inconsistency

@NiliEzer35

נילי עזר

2025-06

Germany / Cyprus iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; synchronised retweets

@RoniLev497106

Roni Lev

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; mutual with new personas

@Drorzamir67

דרור זמיר

2025-06

Germany / Romania Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@LironMizra1990

לירון מזרחי | Liron Mizrah

2025-06

Germany / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@David10jun

David Magen

2024-11

Egypt / Turkey iOS

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; its text relayed by personas

@yq499

יצחק

2024-10

Iran / Cyprus Android

T1

based in Iran; mutual with new personas

@ZbYym7263

ציוצים צבאיים

2024-10

Iran / Cyprus Android

T1

based in Iran; mutual with new personas

@niralevi1990a

נירה לוי

2025-12

United States / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build

@Godofwar1400

Amin

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build; mutual with new personas

@anah_eliy16154

אֵלִיאָנָה

2025-06

United Kingdom / United Kingdom iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@BnYdw60549

עידו בן דוד

2025-06

United States / United States Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@KiaanLy

ליאן דהן

2025-06

Colombia / Colombia iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; copy of another persona's identity

@shiraLev1990

shiraLev

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@noam4653

(Noam Behar)

2025-06

United Kingdom / Turkey iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@tairkarni

תאיר קרני

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; multiple renames

@nwm1212529

נועם

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@sad17651

הדס שמואלי

2025-06

United States / Sweden Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; multiple renames

@dyr884818274332

אדיר

2025-09

United Kingdom / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build

@lyrwn27345

לירון

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T1

Iranian app build

@NoaCohen2021

נועה

2025-06

Germany / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas; ' .. ' separator

@Brunch1Rey

ריי ברוך

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; mutual with new personas

@ninalavi33

נינה לביא

2025-06

France / France Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; mutual with new personas

@19Noam99

נוֹעַם

2025-06

United States / Finland Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@Zwhr179038Ag

זוהר

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@ryhkhn2676401

אריה כהן

2025-06

Finland / Finland iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@amirlihi6

ליהי אמיר

2025-06

Germany / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@yyrmny1283771

יאיר מני

2025-06

France / France iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@shimoncoh9

שמעון כהן

2025-06

Finland / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@YaelLeviOr98

In'X

2025-06

Finland / Finland iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@MShr10200

‎גיא סהר

2025-06

United Kingdom / United Kingdom iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@EitanBD99

איתן בן־דוד

2025-06

France / France Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit; mutual with new personas

@ZmyrDrwr93861

דרור זמיר

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; mutual with new personas

@lbnwn_twm22784

תום לבנון

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity; non-native Hebrew

@meital_amsallem

מיטל אמסלם

2025-12

West Asia / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; renamed 2026

@myrtt615

אמיר טאט

2024-08

Egypt / Egypt Android

T1

Hebrew persona in Arab world; Arabic script inside Hebrew; mutual follows with personas

@lyby9508

‎כהן ‎ליבי

2025-06

United States / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@hn_yr63294

תאיר חן

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; gender inconsistency; mutual with new personas

@NiliEzer5

נילי עזר

2025-06

Germany / United Kingdom Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity

@yigal79740

yigal_blum

2024-11

North Africa / Web

T1

classified in September; mutual follows with personas

@ErezShaham

Erez Shaham

2025-09

North America / Web

T1

classified in September

@omer1qa2ws3ed

קורט קוביין

2026-05

West Asia / West Asia Android

T1

classified in September; synchronised retweets; created 2026

@aboozar894190

אבוזר

2024-04

Iran / Web

T1

based in Iran

@lili62361795030

lili

2025-06

Cyprus / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; gender inconsistency

@Twmrzz

תומר זקן

2025-06

Germany / Australia iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@illia315

קללה עליך, ביבי, אני trapped

2025-06

France / Netherlands Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; synchronised retweets; mutual with new personas

@ERwtm25466

עדן רותם

2025-06

United Kingdom / United States iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity

@KishMinTuches

YUVAL LESHEM MBA |Anti Regim

2008-12

Israel / Web

T1

shared text with personas; amplifies 2+ personas; mutual follows with personas

@elyah_cohen_

אליה כהן

2025-06

Belgium / Belgium Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@Nwo59757Am

נוֹעַם לֵוִין

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@ZmyrDrwr61650

דרור זמיר

2025-06

Finland / Finland Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity

@twm_lbnwn10332

תום לבנון

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity

@Mkargar71069

libi cohen

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity

@rw5787

רות

2025-06

Germany / France iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@youkabedshachar

יוכבד שחר

2025-06

United States / United States Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; non-native Hebrew; gender inconsistency

@binymiyn_

בִּנְיָמִין

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; June 2025 hashtag kit

@LhZwr38182

אלה צור

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; copy of another persona's identity

@EitanBenAmi22

EitanBenAmi

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@elias24952

אליאס חסן־אבאדי

2025-06

Sweden / Web

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@LihiAm95

🇮🇱 ליהי אמיר 🇮🇱

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas

@zwriy53879

אוּרִיאֵל צוּרִיאֵל

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@FazyFry96148

מיה שגב 🇮🇱

2025-02

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

copy of another persona's identity

@eliyzwr

eliyzwr

2025-06

Sweden / Sweden Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@17u_70l

דָּנִיֵּאל

2025-06

Germany / Germany iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@reyyaakobi

זוהר ברוך

2025-06

Germany / Germany Android

T1

tied to Iran-app personas; mutual with new personas

@Eilongeva1995

אילון גבע

2025-06

France / France iOS

T1

tied to Iran-app personas

Appendix B: Medium-high-confidence accounts (T2)

The full list, with every indicator, is in the JSON dataset.

Account

Display name

Created

X: based in / app

Tier

Main indicators

@zadh91053

תום לבנו

2025-06

Iran / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build; based in Iran

@maystudio20

מאי רוזן

2026-02

Iran / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build; based in Iran; created 2026

@tl_beer

טל | Beer Sheva

2026-02

Iran / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build; based in Iran; created 2026

@lb_wr66262

אור לב

2025-11

Iran / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build; based in Iran

@Ariel13667

Ariel

2025-06

Netherlands / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build; June 2025 hashtag kit; synchronised retweets

@just_pay_attent

.

2022-07

United States / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build; non-native Hebrew; multiple renames

@GoniKalin60800

Goni kalin

2025-11

Yemen / Yemen Android

T2

classified in September; mutual follows with personas; mutual with new personas

@amyt_studio

עמית | Haifa

2026-03

Germany / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build; Arabic script inside Hebrew; created 2026

@Ruach7Elohim

Ruach Elohim

2025-06

Iran / United States iOS

T2

based in Iran; June 2025 hashtag kit; synchronised retweets

@SharonAyelet

שרוןאיילת

2025-06

Canada / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build; non-native Hebrew; gender inconsistency

@HylhStyyn58437

הילה שטיין

2026-02

Algeria / Algeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; created 2026; non-native Hebrew

@BrhmSlmwn29731

אברהם שלמון

2025-06

United States / Web

T2

tied to Iran-app personas; non-native Hebrew

@Chayaaflo

חיה לוי‏

2026-03

Israel / Web

T2

shared text with personas; published a persona's sentence; amplifies Iranian outlet

@NovaHirschz1

נובה הירש

2025-11

North Africa / North America Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual follows with personas; multiple renames

@ronelmalich1986

רון אלמליח

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build; non-native Hebrew

@Aeriel5moshe

Aeriel moshe . ‌‌‏אריאל משה‏

2026-01

Israel / Egypt Android

T2

third-country app build; created 2026; machine-assisted Hebrew

@BynwZ73241

אבינועם זורע

2025-11

Yemen / Yemen Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual follows with personas; mutual with new personas

@yrh85549429262

שירה

2025-06

Germany / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build; gender inconsistency

@Tamor1997

Tamar1997

2025-06

Italy / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build

@AAvinoam28948

⭐אבשלום

2025-11

Yemen / Yemen Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual follows with personas

@EilonGolan32428

Eilon Golaniii

2025-06

Poland / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build

@esteer000

אסתר

2025-09

Egypt / Kuwait Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; machine-assisted Hebrew

@86Jacob83311

Jacob 86

2025-09

Jordan / Jordan Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; non-native Hebrew

@trade1168249

בלוקפי ישראלי

2026-03

Africa / North America iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026; mutual follows with personas

@xhiramoletiev

xhira soletiev

2025-06

United Kingdom / United Kingdom iOS

T2

tied to Iran-app personas; non-native Hebrew

@ETwye50616

יעקב

2026-03

Yemen / Yemen Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; created 2026; follows Iranian outlet

@OhadSeg

Ohad Segev

2025-09

North Africa / Web

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; multiple renames; renamed 2026

@SlwYlwn51061

אילון שלו

2025-06

United States / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build

@AbiygayilL69936

אֲבִיגַיִל לֵוִי

2025-06

United States / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build

@yahircain

Yahir

2019-02

West Asia / West Asia Android

T2

amplifies 2+ personas; mutual follows with personas; mutual with new personas

@j0s9f

יוסף

2025-12

Egypt / Egypt Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; high-volume retweeting; mutual follows with personas

@yael_noam

Yael Noam

2026-03

Iraq / Iraq Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; created 2026; follows Iranian outlet

@israelle_am

בורגהם 🇮🇱

2024-09

Yemen / Yemen Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual with new personas

@amir_lihi4466

Amir Lihi

2025-06

Germany / Web

T2

tied to Iran-app personas; synchronised retweets; mutual with new personas

@Roben35647

Roben

2025-06

Europe / West Asia Android

T2

classified in September; follows Iranian outlet

@miriamlevi25

מרים לוי

2025-11

Egypt / Web

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual follows with personas

@sypjk

עבדאללה

2026-06

Turkey / Turkey Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Turkey; created 2026; mutual follows with personas

@no2mlevy

נועם לוי

2025-12

Egypt / Egypt Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; high-volume retweeting; multiple renames

@HrwnyY25387

Yael Levi

2026-03

North Africa / West Asia Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; created 2026

@SheeraAlon

Sheera Alon

2025-09

Jordan / Jordan Android

T2

classified in September; follows Iranian outlet

@al_ghamdi71322

רחל

2025-06

Yemen / Yemen Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@itsapiredery

ספיר אדרי

2014-02

Iraq / Iraq Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual with new personas; multiple renames

@shiraau5

shiraa - שירה

2026-06

North Africa / Web

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; created 2026; gender inconsistency

@bukhman1472

EyalGolanOfficial

2026-03

Africa / Africa Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026

@Rafael1993151

Rafael

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

T2

tied to Iran-app personas

@YltYlws28139

אילת

2025-10

West Asia / West Asia Android

T2

classified in September

@SiiuC5510

אריאל

2025-09

Somalia / Somalia Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@KSchuster4468

Kevin Schuster

2026-02

Nigeria / Nigeria iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026; mutual with new personas

@ChiraGoldberg

chira goldberg

2025-12

North Africa / North Africa Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@Oren5612

✡︎ Oren | צה״ל ✡︎🇮🇱

2026-05

Nigeria / Nigeria iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026; multiple renames

@ywntn27261

יונתןאורי

2026-03

North Africa / North Africa Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; created 2026

@lelesery

lele||ללה 🇮🇱

2023-06

Turkey / Iraq Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Turkey; mutual with new personas

@MichealCohen21

Micheal Cohen

2011-09

Nigeria / Nigeria iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; non-native Hebrew; renamed 2026

@Samoney2004

נעם לוי

2024-08

United States / Iran Android

T2

Iranian app build

@Ayeleteven1

אבן איילת

2025-09

North Africa / North Africa Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@avinaom3452

Avi Noam🎗️

2025-02

North Africa / North Africa Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; follows Iranian outlet

@yymmnnhh47

מאיה כץ Maya Katz

2025-10

Egypt / Egypt Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@Orthopedic_sur5

Hendrik Cornelis

2025-06

Ghana / Ghana Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@V19A7B7NXY0xlt3

טייס מזלט קרבי eli

2019-01

Israel / Israel Android

T2

shared text with personas; mutual follows with personas; mutual with new personas

@SapraTamar10980

Tamar Sapra

2024-04

Egypt / Egypt Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual follows with personas

@AdirYouv33191

Adir Youv

2024-04

Saudi Arabia / Saudi Arabia Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world; mutual follows with personas

@EitanLevi27

Eitan levi

2026-08

Israel / Web

T2

shared text with personas; created since Aug 2026; mutual follows with personas

@GsJmi27980

Madame Noa Kirel Peretz

2026-03

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026

@Noamola8p

Noamalon1

2026-09

Nigeria / Israel Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created since Aug 2026; non-native Hebrew

@Nathaniel_ben42

Nathaniel Benjamin. נתנאל בנ

2026-01

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026; renamed 2026

@Anatlevy_67

ענת לוי

2026-05

Israel / Web

T2

classified in September; created 2026; multiple renames

@G_Evie88

Evie Gil

2025-11

- / -

T2

classified in September

@Bynw200

אבישג אבינועם

2026-03

Palestine / Israel Android

T2

shared text with personas; created 2026

@tomlevanonq

‎לבנון ‎תום

2025-06

France / France iOS

T2

tied to Iran-app personas

@veyafa_shaa

Working Class Hero 🟦

2018-02

Israel / Israel Android

T2

amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting; mutual follows with personas

@MaddiBouchra

תמרה לוי

2022-11

North Africa / North Africa Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@HaezrachC

Haezrach Cohen 🇮🇱 🎗️

2019-02

Israel / Israel Android

T2

shared text with personas; published a persona's sentence; mutual follows with personas

@LwyNw37980

נועם לוי

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

T2

tied to Iran-app personas

@BeitHamikdash0

בית המקדש

2026-08

- / -

T2

classified in September; created since Aug 2026

@tarekdqgj

tarek

2026-06

Israel / Israel Android

T2

created 2026; amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting

@david_eitan5

דוד איתן

2025-12

Egypt / Egypt Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@dansh2025

daniel

2025-04

Egypt / Egypt Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@karma_ka123rma

karma

2025-05

Lebanon / Lebanon Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@Ad1n_07

עדין

2025-04

Egypt / Egypt Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@anthony_ja64630

אנתוני דאגלס

2026-03

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026

@IsaacZiv43

Isaac Ziv

2025-09

Egypt / Egypt Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@TamarAzulai03

Tamar Azulai

2026-04

Africa / Africa Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; created 2026

@MayerJohns70396

Jesse Theodores

2025-09

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@nathanbenj020

Nathan Benjamin

2012-05

Africa / North America iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; multiple renames; renamed 2026

@LeviNaimi58752

Nathalie levi-Naimi

2025-06

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@Sharon__80

שרון

2025-04

West Asia / North Africa Android

T2

third-country app build; mutual with new personas

@EliSalim619280

קהן כהן

2025-06

United States / United States Android

T2

tied to Iran-app personas

@Niro_life

ניר לוי

2025-11

- / -

T2

classified in September

@YossiNaim4

יוסי נעים‏

2026-01

Israel / Egypt Android

T2

third-country app build; created 2026; renamed 2026

@Adinabathsheba

Adinabathsheba 🇮🇱

2024-09

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; mutual follows with personas

@FreemanMic16522

Micheal Freeman

2025-11

Nigeria / Nigeria Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@lqyem_avidov

אלקיים אבידב

2022-08

Jordan / Jordan Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@shfy_y28082

נֹעָה

2025-06

Netherlands / Netherlands iOS

T2

tied to Iran-app personas

@zeroonetm

גֵאָה

2024-09

Algeria / Web

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@AbrahamMoshe911

אברהם משה

2024-05

Egypt / Egypt Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@Silkekuhne14

Silke kuhne🇮🇱🏵️

2025-05

Benin / Benin Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@A23Eitan

יהונתן

2024-08

Qatar / Qatar iOS

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@70q_q09

ישראל אור

2023-11

Jordan / Jordan Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Arab world

@isaacAlon_055

Isaac Alon

2024-09

Africa / West Asia iOS

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country; multiple renames

@Noam_Levi1212

נועם לוי (Noam Levi)

2025-06

France / Web

T2

tied to Iran-app personas

@GilaNeria88797

Gila Neria

2025-08

Israel / Israel Android

T2

amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting

@Benno197

Benny

2021-11

Israel / Israel iOS

T2

amplifies 2+ personas; high-volume retweeting; multiple renames

@dilges_2113

Dragon-דילגש✹𓃵

2024-05

Turkey / Turkey Android

T2

Hebrew persona in Turkey

@ozrekihsan9

Alexander Sztendel

2015-11

Turkey / Web

T2

Hebrew persona in Turkey

@OmriLevi22

עמרי לוי

2024-12

West Asia / North Africa Android

T2

third-country app build; multiple renames

@noambk98

נועם ברקאי

2025-07

Israel / Egypt iOS

T2

third-country app build

@eliias_Adam

Maya Elias

2013-12

Africa / Africa Android

T2

Hebrew persona, no-diaspora country

@leoniko22

Leonardo De Carpion

2012-02

Israel / Albania Android

T2

published a persona's sentence; mutual follows with personas

@Rafii_Yoav

Yoav Rafii

2024-11

West Asia / North Africa Android

T2

third-country app build

Appendix C: Shared-text catalogue (persona-to-persona matches)

First posted (UTC)

First

Later

Type

Posts

2025-06-16 22:24

@idmyokhdi

@dhn6877

exact

x.com/i/status/1934738921046351904 -> x.com/i/status/1935039414167540147

2025-06-16 22:24

@idmyokhdi

@NiliEzerr

near

x.com/i/status/1934738921046351904 -> x.com/i/status/1935129344906567826

2025-06-16 22:24

@idmyokhdi

@NiliEzerr

near

x.com/i/status/1934738921046351904 -> x.com/i/status/1935089052358688963

2025-06-16 23:00

@shahan59510

@Illyaheydar

exact

x.com/i/status/1934747909112602693 -> x.com/i/status/1935034976702992773

2025-06-16 23:00

@shahan59510

@drorzamir1986

exact

x.com/i/status/1934747909112602693 -> x.com/i/status/1935050914198438185

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@Carooll48629556

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1934972100978057296

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@just_pay_attent

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1935020536154964274

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@Zoharadamm

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1935072902707073101

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@Zoharadamm

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1935072817646571770

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@ZmyrDrwr6852

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1935054005945974888

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@NbwnRp99225

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1935095253809139895

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@NbwnRp99225

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1935095202529656887

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@NbwnRp99225

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1935095135479677091

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1935152225766068585

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1935152221957800005

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@Naomilevil

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@lbnwn_twm88439

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1935124856217166001

2025-06-17 11:43

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@Ramin37600Ramin

near

x.com/i/status/1934939837876122110 -> x.com/i/status/1935077255211876595

2025-06-17 11:55

@theEzraLang

@liambenjamin40

exact

x.com/i/status/1934942976029098049 -> x.com/i/status/1935029755847274681

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@Carooll48629556

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1934972100978057296

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@just_pay_attent

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1935020536154964274

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@lbnwn_twm88439

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1935124856217166001

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@Zoharadamm

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1935072902707073101

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@Zoharadamm

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1935072817646571770

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@ZmyrDrwr6852

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1935054005945974888

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@Ramin37600Ramin

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1935077255211876595

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@NbwnRp99225

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1935095253809139895

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@NbwnRp99225

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1935095202529656887

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@NbwnRp99225

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1935095135479677091

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1935152225766068585

2025-06-17 12:43

@Naomilevil

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1934955066915504508 -> x.com/i/status/1935152221957800005

2025-06-17 13:51

@Carooll48629556

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1934972100978057296 -> x.com/i/status/1935152225766068585

2025-06-17 13:51

@Carooll48629556

@lbnwn_twm88439

near

x.com/i/status/1934972100978057296 -> x.com/i/status/1935124856217166001

2025-06-17 13:51

@Carooll48629556

@Ramin37600Ramin

near

x.com/i/status/1934972100978057296 -> x.com/i/status/1935077255211876595

2025-06-17 13:51

@Carooll48629556

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1934972100978057296 -> x.com/i/status/1935152221957800005

2025-06-17 16:28

@DmYlwn6457

@EitanMalach

exact

x.com/i/status/1935011780637671662 -> x.com/i/status/1936396621887021101

2025-06-17 17:03

@just_pay_attent

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1935020536154964274 -> x.com/i/status/1935152225766068585

2025-06-17 17:03

@just_pay_attent

@lbnwn_twm88439

near

x.com/i/status/1935020536154964274 -> x.com/i/status/1935124856217166001

2025-06-17 17:03

@just_pay_attent

@Ramin37600Ramin

near

x.com/i/status/1935020536154964274 -> x.com/i/status/1935077255211876595

2025-06-17 17:03

@just_pay_attent

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1935020536154964274 -> x.com/i/status/1935152221957800005

2025-06-17 17:32

@DrwrZmyr62973

@ymyt62000

exact

x.com/i/status/1935027841130701193 -> x.com/i/status/1935038676028830132

2025-06-17 18:18

@dhn6877

@NiliEzerr

near

x.com/i/status/1935039414167540147 -> x.com/i/status/1935129344906567826

2025-06-17 18:18

@dhn6877

@NiliEzerr

near

x.com/i/status/1935039414167540147 -> x.com/i/status/1935089052358688963

2025-06-17 19:14

@AdamIlon80

@_nadavlevii

near

x.com/i/status/1935053522858377398 -> x.com/i/status/1935060661458931967

2025-06-17 19:16

@ZmyrDrwr6852

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1935054005945974888 -> x.com/i/status/1935152225766068585

2025-06-17 19:16

@ZmyrDrwr6852

@lbnwn_twm88439

near

x.com/i/status/1935054005945974888 -> x.com/i/status/1935124856217166001

2025-06-17 19:16

@ZmyrDrwr6852

@Ramin37600Ramin

near

x.com/i/status/1935054005945974888 -> x.com/i/status/1935077255211876595

2025-06-17 19:16

@ZmyrDrwr6852

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1935054005945974888 -> x.com/i/status/1935152221957800005

2025-06-17 19:18

@Amiinisrael

@Carooll48629556

exact

x.com/i/status/1935054541470450116 -> x.com/i/status/1935128717250150564

2025-06-17 20:31

@Zoharadamm

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1935072817646571770 -> x.com/i/status/1935152225766068585

2025-06-17 20:31

@Zoharadamm

@lbnwn_twm88439

near

x.com/i/status/1935072817646571770 -> x.com/i/status/1935124856217166001

2025-06-17 20:31

@Zoharadamm

@Ramin37600Ramin

near

x.com/i/status/1935072817646571770 -> x.com/i/status/1935077255211876595

2025-06-17 20:31

@Zoharadamm

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1935072817646571770 -> x.com/i/status/1935152221957800005

2025-06-17 20:31

@Zoharadamm

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1935072902707073101 -> x.com/i/status/1935152225766068585

2025-06-17 20:31

@Zoharadamm

@lbnwn_twm88439

near

x.com/i/status/1935072902707073101 -> x.com/i/status/1935124856217166001

2025-06-17 20:31

@Zoharadamm

@Ramin37600Ramin

near

x.com/i/status/1935072902707073101 -> x.com/i/status/1935077255211876595

2025-06-17 20:31

@Zoharadamm

@Skylark4030

near

x.com/i/status/1935072902707073101 -> x.com/i/status/1935152221957800005

2025-06-17 20:49

@Ramin37600Ramin

@lbnwn_twm88439

near

x.com/i/status/1935077255211876595 -> x.com/i/status/1935124856217166001

2025-06-17 20:49

@Ramin37600Ramin

@NbwnRp99225

near

x.com/i/status/1935077255211876595 -> x.com/i/status/1935095253809139895

2025-06-17 20:49

@Ramin37600Ramin

@NbwnRp99225

near

x.com/i/status/1935077255211876595 -> x.com/i/status/1935095202529656887

Appendix D: Indicator dictionary

Code

Family

Weight

Definition

P_iran_app

P

10

Connects through the Iranian build of the X app

P_based_in_iran

P

10

X places the account in Iran

P_hebrew_persona_arab_world

P

7

Israel-facing Hebrew account that X places in an Arab country (Palestine excluded)

P_hebrew_persona_turkey

P

6

Israel-facing Hebrew account that X places in Turkey

P_hebrew_persona_accords_country

P

3

Israel-facing Hebrew account in the UAE, Bahrain or Morocco, where Israelis also live and travel (needs other evidence)

P_hebrew_persona_no_diaspora

P

5

Israel-facing Hebrew account in a country without a plausible Israeli diaspora or travel population

P_third_country_app_build

P

4

App build from the Arab world, Turkey or a no-diaspora country while located elsewhere

P_app_region_mismatch

P

2

Arab-world, Turkish or no-diaspora app build used from another country (an Israeli build used abroad does not count)

P_hebrew_persona_palestine

P

2

Hebrew account that X places in Palestine (Hebrew is widely spoken there)

P_claims_israel_based_abroad

P

1.5

Declares an Israeli location while X places it in Europe, the Americas or a former Soviet state

P_location_flagged_inaccurate

P

0.5

X flags its own location label as possibly inaccurate

I_created_since_aug_2026

I

2.5

Account created on or after 1 August 2026

I_created_2026

I

2

Account created in 2026 (before August)

I_created_2025

I

1.5

Account created in 2025

I_auto_generated_handle

I

1

Handle of letters followed by five or more digits

I_multiple_renames

I

1.5

Two or more username changes recorded by X

I_persona_copy

I

3

Carries the same Israeli name as other Iran-linked accounts (Hebrew and Latin spellings matched by their consonants)

I_renamed_2026

I

1.5

Username changed in 2026 (other than at creation)

I_lookalike_location

I

3

Look-alike characters in the declared location (for example 'lsrael')

I_name_script_mismatch

I

1

Cyrillic or Persian-script identity publishing Hebrew politics

I_default_avatar

I

0.5

Default profile image

B_amplifies_4plus_network_accounts

B

3

Retweeted four or more network personas between 11 August and 11 October 2026

B_amplifies_multiple_network_accounts

B

2

Retweeted two or three network personas between 11 August and 11 October 2026

B_high_volume_retweet_account

B

2

40 or more items a day, at least 70% of them retweets

B_self_retweet_bursts

B

2

Five or more retweets of its own posts, at least 25% of its retweets

B_reply_burst

B

2

Ten or more replies within ten minutes

B_synchronized_retweets

B

2-3

Retweeted the same posts within 60 seconds of other accounts on at least two occasions

C_shared_text_with_network

C

4-5

Published verbatim or near-verbatim text first posted by a persona, or exchanged text with personas in both directions

C_shared_text_other

C

1.5

Shares verbatim text with other accounts (not personas)

C_published_network_phrase

C

3

Published, after the persona, a distinctive sentence first written by a persona

C_text_reused_by_personas

C

3

A foreign-located Hebrew persona whose own text personas republished verbatim (persona-to-persona relay; for accounts located in Israel or the diaspora this is only an information note)

C_arabic_script_in_hebrew

C

3

Arabic or Persian letters inside Hebrew words, or Arabic punctuation in Hebrew posts

C_double_dot_separator

C

1

' .. ' separator in at least 40% of Hebrew posts (top 5% of authors in the baseline; common in ordinary Israeli posting at lower rates)

C_persian_script_posts

C

3

Posts in Persian script

C_turkish_characters

C

1.5

Turkish characters inside Hebrew posts

C_foreign_trending_hashtags

C

2

Unrelated foreign trending hashtags appended to Hebrew posts

C_foreign_typographic_conventions

C

1

Percent sign before the number, or guillemets, in Hebrew posts

C_machine_style_hebrew

C

2

15+ Hebrew posts with typographic dashes in 15%+ and the 'not X - Y' template in 6%+ (baseline 3% / 0.7%)

C_wartime_hashtag_kit

C

4

Posted with the June 2025 Hebrew campaign kit: the misspelt #isreal_war together with #ביבי_לך, #לא_למלחמה, #ביבי_כלא or #אין_שקט

C_non_native_hebrew_label

C

2

Content label: non-native or machine-translated Hebrew, with quoted errors

C_gender_inconsistency_label

C

2

Content label: inconsistent grammatical gender in first-person Hebrew, with quoted evidence

C_assessed_inauthentic_label

C

1.5

Content label: 'likely inauthentic persona' at medium or high confidence

N_amplifies_iranian_outlet

N

3

Retweeted Iran's Hebrew outlets (Press TV Hebrew, Iran Hayom, Kol Hamappa, KigVoice and others)

N_follows_iranian_outlet

N

1.5

Follows Iran's Hebrew outlets

N_mutual_follow_with_network

N

2

Mutual follow with a network persona

N_follows_3plus_network_accounts

N

1.5

Follows three or more network personas

N_mutual_follow_with_new_personas

N

2

Mutual follow with a newly discovered high-tier account

N_amplifies_new_personas

N

1.5

Retweeted a newly discovered high-tier account

N_repeatedly_amplified_by_persona

N

2.5

A persona retweeted this small account three or more times (feeder pattern)

N_iran_persona_network

N

5

Hebrew account without an Iranian label from X, located outside Israel, created during the June 2025 war and tied by follows to two or more Iran-labelled personas

N_previously_classified

N

6

Classified in Golden Owl's September or early October 2026 research

N_prior_hard_signal_sept

N

2

Flagged with a hard signal in Golden Owl's September 2026 research

X_text_harvested_by_personas

X

0

Its own text was later republished by personas (source, not copier)

X_phrase_source_for_personas

X

0

Posted a sentence before a persona did (source, not copier)

Appendix E: Dataset fields

Field

Content

user_id

Stable X account ID; survives handle changes

handle / display_name / bio / declared_location

Profile as collected (11 October 2026 unless noted)

platform_transparency

X 'About this account': based in, connected via (app build), username changes, inaccuracy flag

location_assessment

Class of location and app build; whether the account presents as Israeli or writes Hebrew

tier / confidence / score

Assessment; score is the sum of indicator weights; the tier follows combination rules, not the sum

tier_adjustment

Set when a content label capped the rule-based tier (see metadata.tier_adjustments)

indicators

Each indicator with code, family, weight and evidence (see metadata.indicator_dictionary)

network_links

Network accounts it retweeted, follows or is followed by; persona sentences it published; Iranian outlet links

shared_text

Text matches with partner accounts, with links to both posts and who posted first

activity

Behaviour statistics over the collected posts

content_labels

Structured content labels with quoted evidence and rationale (labelled accounts only)

evidence_screenshots

Files in evidence/screenshots captured on 11 October 2026 (see manifest.json)

iran_persona_cluster

Member of the Iran-linked Hebrew persona network (report Sections 3.4-3.9): persona accounts it is linked to, and other accounts carrying the same Israeli name

Appendix F: Evidence sources

Each evidence item in the report, with the public links from which its screenshots were captured.

No.

Evidence item

Sources

1

@J_Eliyahu: transparency panel and the feminine slip

x.com/J_Eliyahu/about
x.com/J_Eliyahu/status/2107926201729777727
x.com/J_Eliyahu/status/2108903232307155233
x.com/J_Eliyahu/status/2108903232307155233/retweets
x.com/J_Eliyahu/status/2091030027106156811

Appendix G: X transparency panels of the Iran-linked Hebrew personas

Every 'About this account' panel captured on 11 October 2026 for the reported accounts and the network around them.

Exhibit 29. X transparency panels. Page 1 of 10.

Exhibit 29. X transparency panels. Page 1 of 10.

Exhibit 30. X transparency panels. Page 2 of 10.

Exhibit 30. X transparency panels. Page 2 of 10.

Exhibit 31. X transparency panels. Page 3 of 10.

Exhibit 31. X transparency panels. Page 3 of 10.

Exhibit 32. X transparency panels. Page 4 of 10.

Exhibit 32. X transparency panels. Page 4 of 10.

Exhibit 33. X transparency panels. Page 5 of 10.

Exhibit 33. X transparency panels. Page 5 of 10.

Exhibit 34. X transparency panels. Page 6 of 10.

Exhibit 34. X transparency panels. Page 6 of 10.

Exhibit 35. X transparency panels. Page 7 of 10.

Exhibit 35. X transparency panels. Page 7 of 10.

Exhibit 36. X transparency panels. Page 8 of 10.

Exhibit 36. X transparency panels. Page 8 of 10.

Exhibit 37. X transparency panels. Page 9 of 10.

Exhibit 37. X transparency panels. Page 9 of 10.

Exhibit 38. X transparency panels. Page 10 of 10.

Exhibit 38. X transparency panels. Page 10 of 10.

Appendix H: Roster of the concealed Iran-linked Hebrew personas

All 326 concealed personas, as data cards and as a table. 'Hebrew' gives the account's Hebrew posts out of its recent own posts; 'Linked to' names a network account it follows or is followed by. Openly Iranian users and outlets are excluded.

Exhibit 39. Roster of concealed personas. Page 1 of 8.

Exhibit 39. Roster of concealed personas. Page 1 of 8.

Exhibit 40. Roster of concealed personas. Page 2 of 8.

Exhibit 40. Roster of concealed personas. Page 2 of 8.

Exhibit 41. Roster of concealed personas. Page 3 of 8.

Exhibit 41. Roster of concealed personas. Page 3 of 8.

Exhibit 42. Roster of concealed personas. Page 4 of 8.

Exhibit 42. Roster of concealed personas. Page 4 of 8.

Exhibit 43. Roster of concealed personas. Page 5 of 8.

Exhibit 43. Roster of concealed personas. Page 5 of 8.

Exhibit 44. Roster of concealed personas. Page 6 of 8.

Exhibit 44. Roster of concealed personas. Page 6 of 8.

Exhibit 45. Roster of concealed personas. Page 7 of 8.

Exhibit 45. Roster of concealed personas. Page 7 of 8.

Exhibit 46. Roster of concealed personas. Page 8 of 8.

Exhibit 46. Roster of concealed personas. Page 8 of 8.

Account

Display name

Created

X: based in / app

Hebrew

Linked to

@maziarsam

גל צילום

2014-07-03

Singapore / Iran Android

39/39

-

@Adam_123498

אדם אילון

2018-03-06

Sweden / Iran Android

3/3

@sham10735

@Mohamma80063220

NILI EZER

2018-05-23

Germany / Iran Android

2/5

-

@mardeankabooti

אלון שטראוס

2019-06-14

Germany / Iran Android

11/21

-

@Tzurieli1122

יערה צוריאלי

2020-08-06

United States / Iran Android

6/20

-

@israusa1989

תום לבנון

2020-08-29

Germany / Iran Android

38/39

-

@HSG1997israel

שירה גולן

2021-04-14

United States / Iran Android

11/20

-

@Carooll48629556

Carooll

2021-10-21

Germany / Iran Android

10/10

-

@just_pay_attent

.

2022-07-02

United States / Iran Android

12/15

-

@TommySh7671

Tommy Shelby טומי שלבי

2022-07-31

Iran / Iran Android

4/5

-

@MShyling

יָאִיר כֹּהֵן

2022-12-01

United Kingdom / Iran Android

13/19

-

@sephiroth1369

sephiroth

2023-04-11

Iran / Germany Android

25/25

-

@FNamvaran85488

אַבְרָהָם

2023-10-28

Germany / Iran Android

9/20

@NiliEzer2025

@mama38039

תום לבנון

2024-04-03

United States / Iran Android

20/20

-

@aboozar894190

אבוזר

2024-04-08

Iran / Web

profile

-

@RafaelNavvon

רפאל נבון

2024-05-21

United States / Iran Android

19/19

@rp69700

@miladdf05

לירון מזרחי

2024-07-19

Germany / Iran Android

6/9

-

@azhrh297606

אַזהָרָה

2024-07-30

Iran / Iran Android

21/34

-

@Samoney2004

נעם לוי

2024-08-08

United States / Iran Android

profile

-

@LHmydy13349

sami

2024-09-19

Germany / Iran Android

3/8

@NylyZR

@jhg50379

הפלג המערבי

2024-09-26

Iran / Cyprus Android

30/37

-

@ysrlys6

נאה איסרליש

2024-10-10

Iran / Iran Android

profile

-

@yq499

יצחק

2024-10-10

Iran / Cyprus Android

1/1

-

@yqb1126775

יעקב

2024-10-10

Iran / Cyprus Android

1/1

-

@ZbYym7263

ציוצים צבאיים

2024-10-13

Iran / Cyprus Android

0/1

-

@Rafanavon

רפאל נבון Rafael Navon

2024-10-31

Germany / Iran Android

4/4

-

@haiimab2001

חיים אב

2024-11-18

Iran / Iran Android

profile

-

@sadeghi9036

מיה שגב

2024-12-24

Netherlands / Iran Android

profile

-

@HAfazeli66464

נועם

2025-01-02

Germany / Iran Android

3/4

-

@FazyFry96148

מיה שגב

2025-02-21

Germany / Germany iOS

5/34

-

@David_coohen

David

2025-03-27

United States / Iran Android

16/29

-

@sara_admir

לא לעושק כן לרווחה

2025-03-27

United States / Iran Android

17/26

-

@idmyokhdi

Or Yisha

2025-06-13

Germany / Iran Android

11/13

-

@MMoradi95601

לבנון Tom Levanon

2025-06-14

Netherlands / Iran Android

5/6

-

@9h1l1

D

2025-06-16

Iraq / Iran Android

8/20

@TamarBatYisrael

@fjokar2543

farshad tork jokar

2025-06-16

Dominican Republic / Iran Android

8/11

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@imagineafterlif

imagine it

2025-06-16

Finland / Iran Android

7/18

@Eliana526388706

@downwithisrael_

לירון מזרחי

2025-06-16

Germany / Web

12/19

@israyNynh85885

@IamErfxn

Erf

2025-06-16

Poland / Poland iOS

10/16

@MstfyB45869

@zax137979

אֲרִיאֵל

2025-06-16

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

6/7

@Fatemeh82770

@BenZion_X

Idan Levi

2025-06-16

Canada / Iran Android

9/17

@ZmyDve

@Amiinisrael

אמין

2025-06-16

France / France Android

7/8

@Tzurieli1122

@noam4653

Noam Behar

2025-06-16

United Kingdom / Turkey iOS

3/7

@NylyZR

@lys812407759912

Mahla

2025-06-16

Germany / Germany iOS

11/20

@GbYlwn69903

@levronii

רוני לב

2025-06-16

Iran / United Kingdom iOS

3/4

@noam_iz

@theEzraLang

Ezra Lang

2025-06-16

Finland / Germany iOS

14/16

@Carooll48629556

@shahan59510

שמואל גולדשטיין

2025-06-16

Iran / Iran Android

10/20

-

@128Colonel7472

סמואל בלאק

2025-06-16

Japan / Japan Android

11/12

@GbYlwn69903

@noam_iz

Noam Yitzhaki

2025-06-16

Netherlands / Germany Android

10/11

@NylyZR

@Levy200050

אנה להפסיד

2025-06-16

Germany / Germany iOS

14/20

@Rafanavon

@itsaboutworld25

Its me

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

3/3

@GavrielAlon1986

@BrhmSlmwn29731

אברהם שלמון

2025-06-17

United States / Web

7/9

@Carooll48629556

@kheybaryam

omer

2025-06-17

Cyprus / Cyprus iOS

3/3

@Tzurieli1122

@netahadari

נטע הדרי

2025-06-17

Iran / United States iOS

profile

-

@EytanLewiy36366

אֵיתָן לֵוִי

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

4/5

-

@xhiramoletiev

xhira soletiev

2025-06-17

United Kingdom / United Kingdom iOS

8/10

@128Colonel7472

@danielkohen17

דניאל כהן

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

3/3

@DmYlwn6457

@glrpl1851761

גל רפאל

2025-06-17

Finland / Germany iOS

4/7

@Carooll48629556

@Rafaelroma136

RafaelN

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

4/6

-

@riyl166406

אֲרִיאֵל

2025-06-17

Poland / Poland iOS

6/7

@GbYlwn69903

@Omz_ktz

עומר כץ

2025-06-17

United Arab Emirates / United Arab Emirates Android

15/17

@MstfyB45869

@DrwrZmyr62973

דרור זמיר

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

7/9

@EytanLewiy36366

@noya1811

נויה הדר

2025-06-17

Sweden / Iran Android

2/3

-

@hn_yr63294

תאיר חן

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

10/11

@BrndGpn52124

@tom_shalev20

תום שלו

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

3/5

-

@Omerkatz2025

Omer katz

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

8/19

@Godofwar1400

@BarcuchRey36664

REY barcuch

2025-06-17

Moldova / Web

2/2

@Drorzamir67

@dm_ylwn83425

אדם אילון

2025-06-17

Iran / Iran Android

3/4

-

@DmYlwn6457

אדם אילון

2025-06-17

Finland / Iran Android

2/3

-

@MyhSgb26162

מיה שגב

2025-06-17

France / Germany iOS

2/3

@netahadari

@Mkargar71069

libi cohen

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

4/5

@MstfyB45869

@Adamlon84

אדם אילון

2025-06-17

United Kingdom / Web

3/5

@Eitan_1999

@DmYlwn57582

אדם אילון

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

3/6

-

@narnia1794348

narnia

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

2/2

@Adamlon84

@Naomilevil

נעמי לוי

2025-06-17

United Kingdom / United Kingdom Android

3/4

@109Monzavi

@LironMizra1990

לירון מזרחי | Liron Mizrah

2025-06-17

Germany / United States iOS

4/4

@Reza_editor

@LiyWor971

לִיאוֹר

2025-06-17

Turkey / United States iOS

6/6

-

@slw_yanai1995

ימית שלו

2025-06-17

Turkey / Turkey Android

3/4

@Tamor1997

@nwa159513

נוֹחַ

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Iran Android

8/8

-

@LyDhn3815

אלה צור

2025-06-17

Finland / Finland iOS

12/20

@Rafanavon

@Twmrzz

תומר זקן

2025-06-17

Germany / Australia iOS

7/7

@BrndGpn52124

@GwlnSyrh59984

שירה גולן

2025-06-17

Switzerland / Netherlands iOS

5/7

@ErfanBeheshti91

@hbnry154918

ֵאָה בן ארי

2025-06-17

Poland / Poland iOS

18/18

@Tzurieli1122

@nwm1212529

נועם

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

2/2

@Godofwar1400

@Saeedmzk

Smzk

2025-06-17

United Arab Emirates / Finland iOS

3/3

@GavrielAlon1986

@DanaRosen4799

דנה רוזן Dana Rosen

2025-06-17

Iran / United States iOS

10/20

@orenavital_

@adamilon135

adam ilon

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Turkey Android

3/3

@nyly_zr15073

@softco661

יאיר מני

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

7/8

-

@ZmyrDrwr64216

דרור זמיר

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

4/4

-

@17u_70l

דָּנִיֵּאל

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

2/2

@EytanLewiy36366

@GalRafaelll

גל רפאל

2025-06-17

United States / United States iOS

10/10

@HAfazeli66464

@lyrwn27345

לירון

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

2/2

-

@LwyNw33475

נועה כהן

2025-06-17

Germany / Turkey iOS

6/7

@Carooll48629556

@yamit_army

ימית שלו

2025-06-17

Iran / Iran Android

15/15

@KiaanLy

@lbnwn_twm88439

תום לבנון

2025-06-17

Belgium / United States iOS

6/14

@SlwYlwn51061

@LynwrR61737

אלינור רום

2025-06-17

Finland / Finland iOS

3/4

@Godofwar1400

@ERwtm25466

עדן רותם

2025-06-17

United Kingdom / United States iOS

2/3

@Omz_ktz

@abedy_mehr47491

אַרְיֵה

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

16/18

-

@AdamIlon80

אדם אילון

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

4/5

@nyly_zr15073

@LhZwr38182

אלה צור

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands iOS

2/2

@FNamvaran85488

@eden_rotem

Eden rotem

2025-06-17

Finland / United States iOS

5/11

@Rafaelroma136

@Tesla_936546

דניאל דגן

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

3/8

@nyly_zr15073

@Libiyt

ליבי כהן

2025-06-17

Germany / United States iOS

9/10

@Eitan_1999

@NylyZR

נילי עזר

2025-06-17

Turkey / Iran Android

9/9

-

@Nina2000lavi

Nina

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

10/19

@GbYlwn69903

@prz_ydw22732

עידו פרץ

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Iran Android

10/11

-

@lbnwn_twm33566

Tom

2025-06-17

Canada / Iran Android

2/5

@liambenyamin

@illia315

קללה עליך ביבי אני trapped

2025-06-17

France / Netherlands Android

profile

@beni_harum

@Adamianilonian

אדם אילון

2025-06-17

Finland / Finland iOS

12/13

@DmYlwn6457

@YonatanLevi1996

Yonatan Levi

2025-06-17

France / France Android

18/19

@BrndGpn52124

@KiaanLy

ליאן דהן

2025-06-17

Colombia / Colombia iOS

2/3

@GavrielAlon1986

@liambenyamin

ליאם בנימין

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

5/5

@DmYlwn57582

@Zoharadamm

תום לבנון

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

5/5

@FazyFry96148

@idoperetz1313

עידו פרץ

2025-06-17

Turkey / Iran Android

2/2

-

@ryhkhn2676401

אריה כהן

2025-06-17

Finland / Finland iOS

2/2

@Eitan_1999

@Nomaarseni

Noma

2025-06-17

United Kingdom / Iran Android

3/5

@Tzurieli1122

@DwdBn43162

דוד בן גוריון

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

3/10

@LihiAm95

@Brunch1Rey

ריי ברוך

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

10/17

@DavidBenYishaii

@BnYdw60549

עידו בן דוד

2025-06-17

United States / United States Android

3/3

@DavidBenYishaii

@sad17651

הדס שמואלי

2025-06-17

United States / Sweden Android

2/2

@noya1811

@NinaL97619

Nina lavi

2025-06-17

United States / Germany iOS

17/20

@9h1l1

@ZoharYaakobi1

זוהר יעקובי

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

6/6

@israeliranwar1

@ZmyDve

דוד זמיר

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

2/2

@109Monzavi

@l_wry2894

אוריאל לוי-בר

2025-06-17

Finland / Iran Android

4/4

-

@AdamIlon28

אדם אילון

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

3/3

@DgnYh45890p

@TomLevanon_

תום לבנון Tom Levanon

2025-06-17

Afghanistan / Afghanistan Android

10/10

@BrndGpn52124

@elyah_cohen_

אליה כהן

2025-06-17

Belgium / Belgium Android

5/5

-

@ninalavi33

נינה לביא

2025-06-17

France / France Android

15/17

@BrndGpn52124

@EitanBD99

איתן בן־דוד

2025-06-17

France / France Android

2/2

@israyNynh85885

@lbnwn_twm73649

תום לבנון

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

5/5

@Godofwar1400

@Rivka_Levi1989

רִבְקָה לֵוִי

2025-06-17

United Arab Emirates / Web

11/11

@ErfanBeheshti91

@Noam_Behar3003

נועם בכר

2025-06-17

United States / Iran Android

3/3

@Ella_Tzur

@rh_ly10319

יערה צוריאלי

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

3/3

@noya1811

@MyqhZ33553

מיקה זהבי

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

2/3

@DavidBenYishaii

@LeAmiy65024

לֵאוֹרָה בֶּן־עַמִּי

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Iran Android

4/5

@LibiCohen31

@LwyNw37980

נועם לוי

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

6/9

@Godofwar1400

@GavrielAlon1986

GAVREILגַּבְרִיאֵל

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

6/7

-

@ArtaHirad95365

אלי פלד

2025-06-17

Europe / West Asia Android

14/20

@MstfyB45869

@Illyaheydar

איליה חיידר

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

3/3

@Tzurieli1122

@WmrKz36792

עומר כץ

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Iran Android

8/8

-

@LwyNw9629

נועם לוי

2025-06-17

United Kingdom / United Kingdom iOS

14/14

@FazelZiaaa

@luckyariel93

אֲרִיאֵל לֵוִי

2025-06-17

Iran / Iran Android

19/20

-

@Eilongeva1995

אילון גבע

2025-06-17

France / France iOS

profile

@TommySh7671

@AbiygayilL69936

אֲבִיגַיִל לֵוִי

2025-06-17

United States / Iran Android

profile

@EitanBenAmi22

@elias24952

אליאס חסן־אבאדי

2025-06-17

Sweden / Web

profile

-

@SlwYlwn51061

אילון שלו

2025-06-17

United States / Iran Android

profile

-

@LevanonThomas

תום לבנון-Thomas Levanon

2025-06-17

Finland / Iran Android

11/18

-

@tairkarni

תאיר קרני

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

2/2

@HAfazeli66464

@YamitShalev00

ימית שלו

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

3/6

@DavidBenYishaii

@TomShalev121

תום שלו

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Iran Android

15/15

-

@milla66tamar

מילה

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

8/9

@yamitshalev0

@lbnwn_twm22784

תום לבנון

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

2/3

@Drorzamir67

@Tamor1997

Tamar1997

2025-06-17

Italy / Iran Android

19/20

-

@67RafaelNavon

רפאל נבון

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

7/18

@BnymynQrny46021

@lyby9508

כהן ליבי

2025-06-17

United States / United States iOS

17/19

@Jacoblevi1997

@binymiyn_

בִּנְיָמִין

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands iOS

2/2

@9h1l1

@noalevi__

נועה

2025-06-17

Finland / United States iOS

9/9

@mama38039

@ZmyrDrwr61650

דרור זמיר

2025-06-17

Finland / Finland Android

3/3

@MstfyB45869

@amirlihi6

ליהי אמיר

2025-06-17

Germany / United States iOS

4/4

@Godofwar1400

@beni_harum

בנימין רוצח הילדים

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

profile

-

@109Monzavi

רפאל נבון

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

10/18

-

@lbnwn_twm78619

תום לבנון

2025-06-17

Germany / United States iOS

14/20

@EytanLewiy36366

@StrnMry50491

עמרי שטרן

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

5/5

@SlwTwm54688

@NiliEzer5

נילי עזר

2025-06-17

Germany / United Kingdom Android

6/7

@TommySh7671

@shiraLev1990

shiraLev

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

11/13

@DmYlwn57582

@tomlevanonq

לבנון תום

2025-06-17

France / France iOS

7/11

@NylyZR

@dhn6877

ליאן דהן

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

5/6

-

@DmYlwn1989

אדם אילון

2025-06-17

United Kingdom / United Kingdom Android

6/7

@MstfyB45869

@NiliEzer35

נילי עזר

2025-06-17

Germany / Cyprus iOS

profile

@mama38039

@LynwrR79291

אלינור רום

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

6/8

@EytanLewiy36366

@hwd_l96

הוד בר־לב

2025-06-17

Europe / West Asia Android

16/18

@Tzurieli1122

@Rafael1993151

Rafael

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

10/12

@ZmyDve

@NiliEzer2025

נילי עזר

2025-06-17

United Kingdom / United Kingdom iOS

4/9

@TomShalev121

@Rafael31333

רפאל נבון

2025-06-17

Germany / United States iOS

17/20

@nyly_zr15073

@gpn75803

גפן ברנד

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

4/4

-

@SlwTwm54688

תום שלו

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

9/10

-

@TamarShachar

תמר שחר

2025-06-17

Iran / Iran Android

5/5

@DwdBn43162

@n81796_nade

רפאל עזר

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

2/5

@DmYlwn6457

@rp69700

רפאל נבון

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

5/9

@DavidBenYishaii

@mry21170

עמרי שטרן

2025-06-17

Germany / Web

9/10

@TommySh7671

@ShahoShokr31651

נילי עזר

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

6/6

@LynwrR79291

@BnymynQrny46021

בנימין קרני

2025-06-17

Bulgaria / Web

4/12

@luckyariel93

@LihiAm95

ליהי אמיר

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

profile

@Rafaelroma136

@GbYlwn69903

שירה

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

3/3

-

@dearleora

Leora

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Iran Android

8/12

-

@_nadavlevii

נדב הלוי

2025-06-17

Turkey / Turkey iOS

6/6

@NylyZR

@Zwhr179038Ag

זוהר

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

4/6

@EytanLewiy36366

@ZrNyly82366

נילי עזר

2025-06-17

Iran / Iran Android

12/12

-

@LibiCohen31

Libi Cohen

2025-06-17

Germany / Web

9/13

@LioraNetanyahu

@cohenroni167

roni

2025-06-17

Finland / Finland Android

12/14

@Tzurieli1122

@MyqhZ68913

מיקה זהבי

2025-06-17

Hong Kong / Turkey iOS

4/4

@Tzurieli1122

@EitanBenAmi22

EitanBenAmi

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

7/8

@MstfyB45869

@Stella241139286

Stella

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

5/5

@gpn75803

@omristernnn

עמרי שטרן

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

4/4

-

@ZmyrDrwr93861

דרור זמיר

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

3/3

@ZrNyly82366

@yrh85549429262

שירה

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

3/3

-

@tom16180Slw

תום שלו

2025-06-17

Germany / Web

7/14

@DavidBenYishaii

@nw95157

נועם לוי

2025-06-17

Germany / Web

4/4

@Rafanavon

@HannahShal2000

Hannah Shalev

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

4/4

@Levy200050

@BrndGpn52124

גפן ברנד

2025-06-17

France / Iran Android

7/9

-

@chaim8279

חַיִּים

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

8/11

@Jacoblevi1997

@Noam1992B

נועם בכר

2025-06-17

United States / France Android

18/18

@HSG1997israel

@LioraNetanyahu

לִיאוֹרָה נְתַנְיָהוּ

2025-06-17

United States / Iran Android

10/12

-

@Amircohenn

עמיר כהן

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

2/3

@DmYlwn7784

@twmlbnwn067

תום לבנון

2025-06-17

Iran / United States iOS

4/6

-

@drorzamir1986

גיא סהר

2025-06-17

Austria / Austria Android

3/3

@gpn75803

@DgnYh45890p

מאיה דגן

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

19/20

@Noa_Eliyaho_

@yamitshalev0

ימית שלו

2025-06-17

Iraq / Iraq Android

14/15

@ErfanBeheshti91

@shamisagurin

ליאן דהן

2025-06-17

United States / Web

2/4

@Tzurieli1122

@Ariel13667

Ariel

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Iran Android

3/3

@NiliEzer35

@Ruach_Elohim012

דוד

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

10/20

-

@glrpl132519

גל רפאל

2025-06-17

Turkey / Turkey Android

profile

@NylyZR

@Noa_Eliyaho_

נעה־אליהו

2025-06-17

Sweden / Iran Android

5/5

-

@KhrsndYara38713

זוהר יעקובי Zohar Yaakobi

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

3/3

@Godofwar1400

@Galrafael162766

Gal rafael גל רפאל

2025-06-17

Germany / United States iOS

3/5

@TommySh7671

@riyl196610

אֲרִיאֵל

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

7/9

@ZmyDve

@Ruach7Elohim

Ruach Elohim

2025-06-17

Iran / United States iOS

4/4

-

@RoniLev497106

Roni Lev

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

9/11

@HSG1997israel

@anah_eliy16154

אֵלִיאָנָה

2025-06-17

United Kingdom / United Kingdom iOS

5/8

@Eliana526388706

@dwid562953

דָּוִד

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Iran Android

18/18

-

@TaliaBarShalom

טליה בר שלום

2025-06-17

Poland / Poland Android

4/5

@DmYlwn6457

@NbwnRp1998

רפאל נבון

2025-06-17

United Kingdom / Iran Android

profile

@YonatanLevi1996

@liambenjamin40

ליאם בנימין

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

4/4

@DavidBenYishaii

@hadari_neta

Neta Hadari

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

4/4

@SlwYlwn51061

@eli_peled1993

אלי פלד Eli Peled

2025-06-17

Turkey / Turkey iOS

6/8

@LiyWor971

@myh_vv

מיה שגב

2025-06-17

United States / Iran Android

3/3

-

@israyNynh85885

נינה לביא

2025-06-17

Canada / Iran Android

11/11

-

@ghafari_mo13408

Yamit Shalev. ימית שלו

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

8/14

-

@19Noam99

נוֹעַם

2025-06-17

United States / Finland Android

7/7

@dwid562953

@tomshalev241778

tom shalev

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

2/2

@mmaminamani

@amir_lihi4466

Amir Lihi

2025-06-17

Germany / Web

profile

@mama38039

@EitanMizrahi11

איתן מזרחי

2025-06-17

Turkey / Turkey Android

6/18

@Tzurieli1122

@Drorzamir67

דרור זמיר

2025-06-17

Germany / Romania Android

3/3

@Eliana526388706

@Ella_Tzur

Ella Tzur

2025-06-17

Germany / Web

15/17

@Ruach_Elohim012

@YaIyr71302

יָאִיר

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Web

9/11

@Eitan_1999

@Edenlavii

Eden lavi

2025-06-17

United States / Iran Android

9/10

-

@netahadari95

נטע הדרי

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

6/16

-

@Mikazhava

מיקה זהבי

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

7/11

@Rafanavon

@Jacoblevi1997

יַעֲקֹב לֵוִי

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

13/15

-

@ymyt62000

ימית שלו

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

18/19

@HSG1997israel

@Eliana526388706

Eliana

2025-06-17

Iran / Iran Android

4/5

-

@ZmyrDrwr6852

דרור זמיר

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

6/6

@SlwTwm54688

@LbyNynh45121

נינה לביא

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Iran Android

4/4

-

@TamarBatYisrael

תמר בת ישראל

2025-06-17

Belgium / Web

12/23

-

@eliyzwr

eliyzwr

2025-06-17

Sweden / Sweden Android

8/10

@hadas_1996

@SharonAyelet

שרוןאיילת

2025-06-17

Canada / Iran Android

8/8

@TamarBatYisrael

@orenavital_

אביטל אורן

2025-06-17

Germany / United Kingdom iOS

4/4

@HannahShal2000

@eitanmor37036

Yonatan Keidar

2025-06-17

United States / Web

14/14

@Edenlavii

@DavidBenYishaii

דוד בן ישי

2025-06-17

Iran / Web

5/5

-

@YonatanSha48473

יונתן שלו

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Iran Android

4/5

-

@Shiralevi6699

Shira levi

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

8/10

@BrhmSlmwn29731

@mwmd735503

נועה

2025-06-17

France / France iOS

17/20

@Reza_editor

@lili62361795030

lili

2025-06-17

Cyprus / Web

7/12

@Tzurieli1122

@adamilanor72511

Adam ilanor

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

7/8

-

@TomLevanon1993

תום לבנון

2025-06-17

Iran / Iran Android

6/6

-

@EilonGolan32428

Eilon Golaniii

2025-06-17

Poland / Iran Android

10/14

@elias24952

@Eitan_1999

איתן

2025-06-17

Finland / Iran Android

18/20

-

@Nwo59757Am

נוֹעַם לֵוִין

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

3/3

@YonatanSha48473

@mega_night123

simone

2025-06-17

Bulgaria / Web

5/6

@DmYlwn57582

@NinaL29416

. נינה לביא Nina Lavi

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

13/14

@Mikazhava

@yw18880

יואב מזרחי

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany iOS

3/3

@Fatemeh82770

@zadh91053

תום לבנו

2025-06-17

Iran / Iran Android

12/12

@elias24952

@yyrmny1283771

יאיר מני

2025-06-17

France / France iOS

18/20

@Amircohenn

@LianDahan69

ליאן דהן

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

3/3

@GbYlwn69903

@Ramin37600Ramin

Ramin

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands iOS

5/7

@LiyWor971

@Fatemeh82770

נועה לוי

2025-06-17

Iran / Iran Android

4/5

-

@TamarGoldb1996

Tamar Goldberg

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

2/2

@Tom1994Levanon

@DmYlwn7784

אדם אילון

2025-06-17

Turkey / Turkey iOS

2/2

@mikameli11

@mikameli11

מיכמלי

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

5/8

-

@AmiNoam8

Noam Ben-Ami

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

2/2

@Adam_123498

@YaelLeviOr98

In'X

2025-06-17

Finland / Finland iOS

3/5

@dwid562953

@AskndryBhb99778

behbood

2025-06-17

Germany / Hungary Android

2/2

@LynwrR61737

@Noam_Levi1212

נועם לוי Noam Levi

2025-06-17

France / Web

profile

@NylyZR

@shfy_y28082

נֹעָה

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands iOS

4/4

@ErfanBeheshti91

@Twm59761Slw

תום שלו

2025-06-17

Finland / Finland iOS

14/14

@MstfyB45869

@lbnwn1573

תום לבנון

2025-06-17

Germany / Iran Android

11/12

-

@liyh352327

אֵלִיָּהוּ

2025-06-17

United States / Iran Android

5/11

@MstfyB45869

@NiliEzerr

Nili Ezer

2025-06-17

France / Iran Android

6/6

-

@youkabedshachar

יוכבד שחר

2025-06-17

United States / United States Android

3/3

@MiladMikaeili

@NoamLV333

נוֹעַם לֵוִי

2025-06-17

Germany / Germany Android

6/6

@DmYlwn57582

@NiliEzerOficial

נילי עזר

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands iOS

2/2

@Adam_123498

@NbwnRp99225

רפאל נבון

2025-06-17

United States / United States iOS

5/5

@MiladMikaeili

@mikazahavi1999

Mika Zahavi

2025-06-17

United States / United States iOS

3/3

@Adam_123498

@hadas_1996

רפאל נבון

2025-06-17

United States / Iran Android

6/6

-

@sham10735

שִׁמְשׁוֹן

2025-06-17

United States / United States Android

7/20

@DavidBenYishaii

@KamkarDani47005

דָּנִיֵּאל

2025-06-17

Netherlands / Netherlands Android

3/7

@SlwTwm54688

@shimoncoh9

שמעון כהן

2025-06-17

Finland / Web

2/2

@DavidBenYishaii

@yairmani1990

יאיר מני

2025-06-17

Germany / Iraq iOS

6/7

@9h1l1

@rw5787

רות

2025-06-17

Germany / France iOS

6/10

@Skylark4030

@EitanMalach

אֵיתָן מַלְאָךְ

2025-06-17

United States / Iran Android

3/5

@Adamianilonian

@mayasegev_1996

מיה שגב

2025-06-17

Czech Republic / Iran Android

14/16

-

@libicohenone

libi cohen

2025-06-17

Turkey / Iran Android

6/6

-

@ZmyrDrwr57113

דרור זמיר

2025-06-17

Estonia / Estonia Android

3/3

@Carooll48629556

@MShr10200

גיא סהר

2025-06-18

United Kingdom / United Kingdom iOS

2/2

@Carooll48629556

@elinorcohenl

אלינור כהן

2025-06-18

Germany / Germany iOS

6/6

@Eitan_1999

@nyly_zr15073

נילי עזר

2025-06-18

Netherlands / Iran Android

6/6

-

@Skylark4030

דרור זמיר Dror Zamir

2025-06-18

Germany / Iran Android

2/5

-

@ronelmalich1986

רון אלמליח

2025-06-18

Germany / Iran Android

14/14

@Ella_Tzur

@reyyaakobi

זוהר ברוך

2025-06-18

Germany / Germany Android

3/4

@ErfanBeheshti91

@EliSalim619280

קהן כהן

2025-06-18

United States / United States Android

12/13

@ErfanBeheshti91

@twm_lbnwn10332

תום לבנון

2025-06-18

Germany / Germany iOS

3/3

@GavrielAlon1986

@Hershel3030

Hershel

2025-06-18

Romania / Romania Android

5/7

@ErfanBeheshti91

@Mehrdad0322

מִהְרְדַ

2025-06-18

Australia / Iran Android

2/6

@ErfanBeheshti91

@aab368276

נועה שחר

2025-06-18

United States / United States Android

2/4

@GavrielAlon1986

@LyPld16375

אלי פלד

2025-06-18

Germany / Germany iOS

5/5

@GavrielAlon1986

@Ssss620485Aaaa

רפאל נבון

2025-06-18

Germany / Germany Android

2/3

@128Colonel7472

@zwriy53879

אוּרִיאֵל צוּרִיאֵל

2025-06-18

Germany / Germany Android

profile

@dwid562953

@NoaCohen2021

נועה

2025-06-18

Germany / Web

5/6

@DavidBenYishaii

@AMAJ_JUDAH

טליהמשמר אריה יהודה

2025-07-01

United States / Iran Android

31/36

-

@Idan_barne

idan

2025-07-17

United States / Iran Android

12/15

-

@MBa2021296

יואב

2025-08-30

Germany / Iran Android

17/37

-

@dyr884818274332

אדיר

2025-09-10

United Kingdom / Iran Android

profile

-

@lb_wr66262

אור לב

2025-11-03

Iran / Iran Android

profile

-

@bencc2000

Benrood

2025-11-23

Spain / Iran Android

33/33

-

@niralevi1990a

נירה לוי

2025-12-25

United States / Iran Android

2/3

-

@NetanyahUnseen

Benjamin Netanyahu

2026-02-02

Iran / Web

28/37

-

@yvabprydmn

יואב

2026-02-19

Germany / Iran Android

22/36

-

@Thearmy55518041

טל פרידמן

2026-02-19

United States / Iran Android

32/38

-

@tl_beer

טל | Beer Sheva

2026-02-20

Iran / Iran Android

10/20

-

@maystudio20

מאי רוזן

2026-02-20

Iran / Iran Android

23/39

-

@vabhzn

yvab.hzn

2026-02-25

Iran / Iran Android

28/34

-

@amyt_studio

עמית | Haifa

2026-03-07

Germany / Iran Android

26/37

-

@cohen58018

cohen

2026-03-12

Netherlands / Iran Android

2/2

@presstvhebrew

@marridalenno12

marrida lenno

2026-05-09

Netherlands / Iran Android

21/28

-

@tlmqr1990

טלסי מקאר

2026-07-26

Germany / Iran Android

17/20

-

@tl__9800

טלBeer

2026-08-18

Germany / Iran Android

9/9

-

End of Document — Exposing the Iranian Regime’s Influence Machinery Against Israeli Society